全国翻译专业资格（水平）英语二级笔译综合能力试题（网友回忆版）三
二级笔译综合能力
历年真题
共 110 题
2052 次浏览
更新于 2026-09-26
一、词汇和语法
（每题1分，共60 分。）
1
In significant parts of Eurasia, the middle centuries of the first millennium _____ a significant transition in human cultural history.
- A.define
- B.mark
- C.identify
- D.specify
2
It can sometimes feel like the world is very noisy-from planes arching loudly through the sky to the _____ buzz of your cellphone.
- A.unavailing
- B.unassuming
- C.unconvincing
- D.unceasing
3
A study commissioned by the Australian government found that women are partially blamed for the _____ they experience, while the same behavior is considered a “rite of passage” for men.
- A.abandonment
- B.absurdity
- C.accident
- D.aggression
4
The aim of this book is to foster good social work practice with the elderly and their _____ families, and the first chapter sets out to clarify our understanding of the elderly in relation to their families.
- A.vigilant
- B.vehement
- C.venomous
- D.vulnerable
5
The new creation has grown out of an attempt to _____ two different tendencies, one in psychology and the other in physics, although at first sight they might seem inconsistent.
- A.complicate
- B.interchange
- C.substitute
- D.harmonize
6
The stories concerned ordinary people doing ordinary things with just a bit of inner _____ and featured an omniscient narrator who provided the precise details of almost everything.
- A.unrest
- B.unease
- C.unbelief
- D.uncertainty
7
Nowadays we can see numerous foreign films and TV programs _____ in and many other imported products dominating our markets.
- A.bringing
- B.settling
- C.pouring
- D.growing
8
Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia are most at risk from bat viruses _____ humans and causing new diseases that could lead to deadly outbreaks.
- A.vaulting
- B.bouncing
- C.attacking
- D.hurdling
9
Poland is somewhat a new destination for Chinese tourists, and Warsaw, the capital city, _____ is an important business center with night life and elegant dining.
- A.sophisticated
- B.sluggish
- C.sloppy
- D.solitary
10
In the 1960s, a Chinese _____, using yak and mule trains, spotted these Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys, living quietly among the trees, cut off from the world by peaks 22,000 feet high.
- A.excursion
- B.exploration
- C.expedition
- D.experiment
11
Instead of publishing in Science or Nature, the _____ journals in which major new human fossil finds are typically announced, the authors unveiled their discovery in an open-online journal eLIFE.
- A.prestigious
- B.popular
- C.perseverant
- D.productive
12
In this new world the most dangerous conflicts will not be between social classes or other economically defined groups, but between peoples belonging to different cultural _____.
- A.parts
- B.components
- C.entities
- D.sects
13
Key _____ has been broadcast live on television and radio to help the city keep abreast of the proceedings and to show the wheels of justice turning.
- A.testimony
- B.announcement
- C.indictment
- D.oath
14
Certain religious and political groups felt novels had the power to make immoral characters so interesting that younger readers would _____ with them easily.
- A.agree
- B.comply
- C.identify
- D.differentiate
15
There seemed to be an extensive _____ on agriculture in Roman times which maintained a pre-eminent position until comparatively recently.
- A.archive
- B.record
- C.file
- D.literature
16
Migrants were among the large mob blamed for numerous sexual assaults on women on New Year’s Eve in Cologne, according to an _____ police report leaked to German media.
- A.influential
- B.internal
- C.intelligent
- D.interior
17
Men and women should limit their alcohol _____ to less than a bottle and a half of wine three days a week to minimize health risks.
- A.input
- B.index
- C.inset
- D.intake
18
It is very easy to learn how to speak and write correctly, and for all purposes of ordinary conversation and communication, only about 2, 000 different words are _____.
- A.recommended
- B.required
- C.recognized
- D.related
19
If aggression and violence are part and parcel of what it means to be human, then why is it that there exist societies where violent behavior is _____ by its absence?
- A.conspicuous
- B.contentious
- C.contemptuous
- D.controversial
20
Instead of taking center stage, the leader of European soccer’s ruling organization was under the terms of his provisional 90-day FIFA suspension that forbid him _____ from any involvement in the sport.
- A.blemished
- B.banned
- C.banished
- D.blamed
21
The degree of a beach’s downward slope depends on its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.
- A.sediments
- B.segments
- C.substances
- D.sources
22
The American dancer Loie Fuller used incense to create special effects during her performances.
- A.prop
- B.monologue
- C.narration
- D.scent
23
One kind of female butterfly mates only once in its life, and then it closes its wings to avoid “harassment” when pursued by persistent males.
- A.approach
- B.molestation
- C.injury
- D.harm
24
Although Tom is too ill to live alone, he is a headstrong man and obstinately refuses to move into a nursing home.
- A.strong
- B.capricious
- C.emotional
- D.sloppy
25
Unless you want your stomach lining to be eaten away, stick to a bland diet.
- A.skittish
- B.diversified
- C.mild
- D.nutritious
26
Biofuel is neither a cure nor a pariah, but like all technologies, it represents both opportunities and challenges.
- A.treat
- B.panacea
- C.methodology
- D.solution
27
Central Park, with its streams and vast greenery, seems bucolic; however, one is quickly reminded that the park is in the middle of a major metropolis.
- A.cheerful
- B.jubilant
- C.rural
- D.tranquil
28
The mayor is ideologically consistent. His long-term commitment to education reform, for example, is not a sign of fickleness.
- A.coolness
- B.carefulness
- C.calmness
- D.capriciousness
29
Under the attack of its enemies from all sides, the empire was about to crumble.
- A.disintegrate
- B.disembark
- C.disgrace
- D.disengage
30
Old photos of Lisa suggest that she was a sullen child who seemed to wear a permanent frown.
- A.sad
- B.screwy
- C.surly
- D.snobbish
31
Despite her relaxed style, Ms. Flagen is a canny businesswoman who knows how to aggressively market her brand.
- A.thrifty
- B.shrewd
- C.cunning
- D.amicable
32
After people began to make the transition from gathering food to producing food, human societies followed markedly disparate courses; some adopted herding while others took to farming.
- A.distinctive
- B.diverse
- C.discretionary
- D.diverting
33
If researchers can determine exactly what is wrong with people who suffer from this condition, they may be able to suggest treatments that could relieve the effects of the damage.
- A.mitigate
- B.modify
- C.mend
- D.masticate
34
The problem of avoiding duplicate names, such as for E-mail accounts, is particularly acute when only a finite number of possibilities are allowed.
- A.solemn
- B.stern
- C.stiff
- D.severe
35
The environmentalists’ warning against the blatant pursuit of industrialization without caution seems especially prescient.
- A.precarious
- B.superficial
- C.foresighted
- D.mysterious
36
Britain is attractive to worldwide advertisers because it is a homogenous market, so there is no need to tailor advertisements to different parts of the country.
- A.global
- B.local
- C.foreign
- D.uniform
37
The addition of stabilizing devices impaired the aesthetics of the bridge.
- A.compromised
- B.endangered
- C.removed
- D.determined
38
When she first came to the U.S. from Columbia, she was hardly the diligent student she later made herself out to be, since she had access to considerable family wealth.
- A.assiduous
- B.determined
- C.impetuous
- D.thrifty
39
It was her view that the country’s problems had been exacerbated by foreign aid, so asking for such assistance would be counterproductive.
- A.mitigated
- B.ascertained
- C.worsened
- D.overlooked
40
Early studies often concluded that the public was susceptible to the influence of mass communication. However, a recent study indicates mass communication seldom produces marked changes in social attitudes.
- A.imperceptible
- B.sensible
- C.acceptable
- D.liable
41
The one word that sums up the attitude of the silent filmmaker is enthusiasm, conveys most strongly before formulas took shape and when there was more room for experiments.
- A.conveyed
- B.conveying
- C.to convey
- D.being conveyed
42
The book is useful because it offers not just philosophy and theory but also advising you for everyday living.
- A.advises you
- B.advice
- C.to you advice
- D.to advise you
43
Psychologists advise that before making any major changes in their lives, they need to focus on one’s goals.
- A.a person needs to focus on his goals
- B.people need to focus on their goals
- C.one needs to focus on one’s goals
- D.a person needs to focus on one’s goals
44
The company which is investigating side effects of various drugs have won them their enviable reputation among scientists.
- A.have won it its
- B.have won them an
- C.has won it an
- D.has won them its
45
Alongside the trail on which we ride our bikes every morning run a crooked line of rugged old oak trees.
- A.there runs a crooked line of rugged old oak trees
- B.there run rugged old oak trees in a crooked line
- C.run rugged old oak trees in a crooked line
- D.runs a crooked line of rugged old oak trees
46
A discovery in New Jersey actually contributed to the early economic development of the U. S. and, in 1714 a worker uncovered a green rock containing copper.
- A.when, in 1714,
- B.thus, in 1714,
- C.it was in 1714
- D.till in 1714
47
Never we had seen anything like this style of architecture before, we thought we were looking at giant sculptures, not buildings.
- A.Never to see
- B.Never seeing
- C.Never having seen
- D.Never seen
48
The furnace exploded, blowing off the door, spraying greasy soot all over the basement floor, and it would rattle furniture and windowpanes throughout the building.
- A.being rattling
- B.to rattle
- C.having rattled
- D.rattling
49
A study found that the environmental costs of producing and recycling paper cups were as high as, if not higher than, to produce and recycle polystyrene cups.
- A.those of producing and recycling
- B.that of producing and recycling
- C.which produced and recycled
- D.that produced and recycled
50
A thick growth of sunflowers stood 10 feet tall, their brown heads drooped over the fence with the weight of their seeds.
- A.and their brown heads drooping
- B.their brown heads drooping
- C.with their brown heads drooped
- D.and their brown heads droop
51
We generally think of Canada as the northern neighbor of the U. S., however, more than half of the U. S. extending farther north than Canada’s southernmost point.
- A.extend
- B.is extending
- C.is extended
- D.extends
52
Blue lights flashing and siren blaring, the police car sped through the busy intersection.
- A.Blue lights flashed and siren blared
- B.To flash blue lights and blare siren
- C.With blue lights and siren flashing and blaring
- D.With blue lights flashing and siren blaring
53
Linguistic research often requires a period of fieldwork where the linguist can study and record the spoken dialects of a region.
- A.through which
- B.during which
- C.with which
- D.by which
54
The first emperor of Rome was Augustus, and many people think that it was Julius Caesar.
- A.many people think not
- B.not, as many people think,
- C.many people think not was
- D.not many people think
55
Veterans of World War II received greater support from the general public than later wars.
- A.than did
- B.than what did
- C.than did those of
- D.than of those
56
Nowadays airport security guards have the right to search people’s bags who act in a suspicious manner.
- A.people with bags which
- B.the bags of people who
- C.people for bags which
- D.bags for people who
57
Volunteering on political campaigns can help students become a more attractive candidate for jobs in government.
- A.become more attractive candidates
- B.become a candidate more attractive
- C.becoming candidates more attractive
- D.becoming a candidate more attractive
58
About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating of metals are easily corroded such as iron and steel.
- A.metals easily corroded
- B.corroded metals easily
- C.corroded easily metals
- D.easily corroded metals
59
Most fishes and many reptiles have ribs along most of the spine, but in mammals finding them only in the chest area.
- A.they find
- B.which they find
- C.they are found
- D.which they are found
60
Considered one of the leading poets in the U. S. today, a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez.
- A.a number of Sonia Sanchez’s books and plays have also been written
- B.a number of books and plays Sonia Sanchez have written
- C.Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays
- D.Sonia Sanchez has also a number of books and plays to be written
二、阅读理解
（每题1分，共30 分。）
Questions 61—70 are based on the following passage.
There is something intrinsically fascinating about the idea of evolution. What principles govern the evolution of a species? And what does evolution tell us about the place of Homosapiens in the grand order of things? The writer George Bernard Shaw held that a mystical guiding force impels life to evolve toward eventual perfection. Modern scientists may not believe in this guiding force or in the possibility of perfection, but many would agree that life has been improving itself through evolution for billions of years. (Note that this conveniently makes Homosapiens, a very recent product of evolution, one of the newest and most improved versions of life.) In the view of these scientists, constant competition among species is the engine that drives the process of evolution and people’s life upward.
To Darwin, nature was a surface covered with thousands of sharp wedges, all packed by together and jostling for the same space. Those wedges that fared best moved toward the center of the surface, improving their position by knocking other wedges away with violent blows. The standard example that textbooks give of such competitive wedging is the interaction between the brachiopods and the clams. Clams were long held to be ancient undersea competitors of brachiopods due to the fact that the two species inhabited the same ecological niche. Clams are abundant today, whereas brachiopods (dominant in ancient times) are not. Modern clams are also physiologically more complex than brachiopods are. The standard interpretation of these facts is that the clams’ physiology was an evolutionary improvement that gave them the ability to “knock away” the brachiopods.
In recent years, however, the prominent naturalists Stephen Jay Gould and C. Brad Calloway have challenged the validity of this example as well as the model it was meant to support. Gould and Calloway found that over most geological time clams and brachiopods went their separate ways. Never did the population of brachiopods dip as that of the clams rose, or vice versa. In fact, the two populations often grew simultaneously, which belies the notion that they were fighting fiercely over the same narrow turf and resources. That there are so many more clams than brachiopods today seems rather to be a consequence of mass deaths that occurred in the Permian period. Whatever caused the mass deaths-some scientists theorize that either there were massive ecological or geological changes, or a comet crashed down from the heavens-clams were simply able to weather the storm much better than brachiopods.
Out of these observations, Gould and Calloway drew a number of far-reaching conclusions. For instance, they suggested that direct competition between species was far less frequent than Darwin thought. Perhaps nature was really a very large surface on which there were very few wedges, and the wedges consequently did not bang incessantly against each other. Perhaps the problem facing these wedges was rather that the surface continually altered its shape, and they had to struggle independently to stay in a good position on the surface as it changed.
So where does that leave Homosapiens if evolution is a response to sudden, unpredictable and sweeping changes in the environment rather than the result of a perpetual struggle? No longer are we the kings of the mountain who clawed our way to the top by advancing beyond other species. We are instead those who looked to the mountains when floods began to rage below and then discovered that living high up has its definite advantages, so long as our mountain doesn’t decide to turn into a volcano.
There is something intrinsically fascinating about the idea of evolution. What principles govern the evolution of a species? And what does evolution tell us about the place of Homosapiens in the grand order of things? The writer George Bernard Shaw held that a mystical guiding force impels life to evolve toward eventual perfection. Modern scientists may not believe in this guiding force or in the possibility of perfection, but many would agree that life has been improving itself through evolution for billions of years. (Note that this conveniently makes Homosapiens, a very recent product of evolution, one of the newest and most improved versions of life.) In the view of these scientists, constant competition among species is the engine that drives the process of evolution and people’s life upward.
To Darwin, nature was a surface covered with thousands of sharp wedges, all packed by together and jostling for the same space. Those wedges that fared best moved toward the center of the surface, improving their position by knocking other wedges away with violent blows. The standard example that textbooks give of such competitive wedging is the interaction between the brachiopods and the clams. Clams were long held to be ancient undersea competitors of brachiopods due to the fact that the two species inhabited the same ecological niche. Clams are abundant today, whereas brachiopods (dominant in ancient times) are not. Modern clams are also physiologically more complex than brachiopods are. The standard interpretation of these facts is that the clams’ physiology was an evolutionary improvement that gave them the ability to “knock away” the brachiopods.
In recent years, however, the prominent naturalists Stephen Jay Gould and C. Brad Calloway have challenged the validity of this example as well as the model it was meant to support. Gould and Calloway found that over most geological time clams and brachiopods went their separate ways. Never did the population of brachiopods dip as that of the clams rose, or vice versa. In fact, the two populations often grew simultaneously, which belies the notion that they were fighting fiercely over the same narrow turf and resources. That there are so many more clams than brachiopods today seems rather to be a consequence of mass deaths that occurred in the Permian period. Whatever caused the mass deaths-some scientists theorize that either there were massive ecological or geological changes, or a comet crashed down from the heavens-clams were simply able to weather the storm much better than brachiopods.
Out of these observations, Gould and Calloway drew a number of far-reaching conclusions. For instance, they suggested that direct competition between species was far less frequent than Darwin thought. Perhaps nature was really a very large surface on which there were very few wedges, and the wedges consequently did not bang incessantly against each other. Perhaps the problem facing these wedges was rather that the surface continually altered its shape, and they had to struggle independently to stay in a good position on the surface as it changed.
So where does that leave Homosapiens if evolution is a response to sudden, unpredictable and sweeping changes in the environment rather than the result of a perpetual struggle? No longer are we the kings of the mountain who clawed our way to the top by advancing beyond other species. We are instead those who looked to the mountains when floods began to rage below and then discovered that living high up has its definite advantages, so long as our mountain doesn’t decide to turn into a volcano.
61
What does the author attempt to express by using the parenthetical statement in Paragraph 1?
- A.Scientists intend to show that their own species is superior to others.
- B.Scientists want to highlight the concept of evolution as a process of gradual improvement.
- C.Human race has evolved from lower forms of life toward eventual perfection.
- D.Human race is as close to perfection as life hopes to reach.
62
The word “wedges” underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to an _____ species.
- A.unknown
- B.intelligent
- C.entire
- D.ancient
63
The author cites “clams” and “brachiopods” underlined in Paragraph 2 as examples to show that _____.
- A.clams were biologically stronger than brachiopods
- B.brachiopods were inherently weaker than clams
- C.clams and brachiopods could not coexist
- D.interspecies compete according to Darwin and his “wedge” model
64
According to Gould and Calloway’s theory, the decline of brachiopods _____.
- A.resulted from their competition with clams
- B.seemed to have been caused by an environmental impact
- C.were not triggered by a comet crashing down from the heavens
- D.might be the consequence of mass deaths in the Permian period
65
The word “comet” underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to _____.
- A.an event that could have obscured the geological record
- B.a possible cause for the decline of brachiopods
- C.massive ecological or geological changes
- D.the acceleration of evolutionary adaptation
66
According to Gould and Calloway’s theory, evolution _____.
- A.may not necessarily be based on competition
- B.occurs through the differential survival of competing genes
- C.is the consequence of the struggle for resources among species
- D.is the product of heredity, environmental stimuli, and past experiences
67
The last paragraph attempts to _____.
- A.outline Gould and Calloway’s research on clams and brachiopods, which contradicts Darwin’s theories
- B.explain Gould and Calloway’s theory which claims that environmental change is more important than competition in the survival of species
- C.restate the concept of evolution as a process of gradual improvement which leads to the survival of superior species
- D.explore the implications for the status of humans in light of Gould and Calloway’s new theory about evolution
68
With regard to Gould and Calloway’s theory of evolution, the author would most likely state that it _____.
- A.has not yet been tested as much as the previous model
- B.rules out the possibility that one species could cause the extinction of another
- C.puts the status of humans in a new perspective
- D.attaches less importance to the effect of natural disasters
69
What is the main idea of the passage?
- A.It criticizes Darwin’s evolutionary theory.
- B.It discusses a new alternative to an established theory.
- C.It examines the nature of the interaction between two species.
- D.It demonstrates Gould and Calloway’s conclusions about clams and brachiopods.
70
It can be inferred from Gould and Calloway’s findings about clams and brachiopods that _____.
- A.the two species never competed for the same turf
- B.they fought fiercely for the same resources
- C.clams had genetic ability to evade disasters
- D.brachiopods were physiologically less complex than clams
Questions 71—80 are based on the following passage.
The economy may be troubled, but one area is thriving: social media. They begin with Facebook and extend through a dizzying array of companies that barely existed five years ago: Twitter, LinkedIn, Groupon, Yammer-and the list goes on. These companies are mostly private, but have attracted the ardent attention of Wall Street and investors, with Facebook now worth purportedly US$75 billion and Groupon valued at close to US $25 billion.
There can be little doubt that these companies enrich their founders as well as some investors. But do they add anything to overall economic activity? While jobs in social media jobs are growing fast, there were only about 21,000 listings last spring, a tiny fraction of the 150 million-member U.S. workforce. So do social-media tools enhance productivity or help us bridge the wealth divide? Or are they simply entertaining socially, and diverting us when it comes to national economic health?
The answers are vital, because billions of dollars in investment capital are being spent on these ventures, and if we are to have a productive future economy, that capital needs to grow the economic pie-and not just among the elite of Silicon Valley and Wall Street.
The problem is that these tools are so new that it is extremely difficult to answer the questions definitively. Flash back nearly 20 years and the same question was being asked about the first Internet wave. Were Netscape and the Web enhancing our economy, or were people just spending more time at work checking out ESPN.com? Official statistics weren’t designed to capture the benefits, and didn’t capture them until statistics experts at the Federal Reserve, urged on by Alan Greenspan, refined the way they measured productivity. As a result of these somewhat controversial innovations, the late 1990s became a period of substantial technology-driven gains.
It is possible that the same gap exists today, that social-media tools are indeed laying the groundwork for new industries and jobs, but aren’t yet registering on the statistical radar. Many companies believe social media make them more competitive. Ford and Zappos, for instance, use Twitter to market their products and address consumer complaints.
One big question is what proportion of that benefit will be captured economically by consumers vs. corporations. Sure, social media allow people to compare prices and quality and assess which companies are good to work for and where jobs might be. They also may enhance education and idea sharing, but the caveat is that the people who use these tools are the ones with higher education and income to spend on technology, not the tens of millions whose position in today’s world has eroded so sharply. According to a recent Pew Foundation study, only 45 percent of adults making less than US$30,000 have access to broadband, which is an essential component of using content-rich social media effectively.
And that is the rub. Like so many things these days, social media contribute to economic bifurcation. Dynamic companies are benefiting from these tools, even if the gains are tough to nail down in specific figures. Many individuals are benefiting too, using LinkedIn to find jobs and Groupon to find deals. But now, the irony is that social media widen the social divide, making it even harder for the have-nots to navigate. They allow those with jobs to do them more effectively and companies that are profiting to profit more. But so far, they have done little to aid those who are being left behind. They are, in short, business as usual.
The economy may be troubled, but one area is thriving: social media. They begin with Facebook and extend through a dizzying array of companies that barely existed five years ago: Twitter, LinkedIn, Groupon, Yammer-and the list goes on. These companies are mostly private, but have attracted the ardent attention of Wall Street and investors, with Facebook now worth purportedly US$75 billion and Groupon valued at close to US $25 billion.
There can be little doubt that these companies enrich their founders as well as some investors. But do they add anything to overall economic activity? While jobs in social media jobs are growing fast, there were only about 21,000 listings last spring, a tiny fraction of the 150 million-member U.S. workforce. So do social-media tools enhance productivity or help us bridge the wealth divide? Or are they simply entertaining socially, and diverting us when it comes to national economic health?
The answers are vital, because billions of dollars in investment capital are being spent on these ventures, and if we are to have a productive future economy, that capital needs to grow the economic pie-and not just among the elite of Silicon Valley and Wall Street.
The problem is that these tools are so new that it is extremely difficult to answer the questions definitively. Flash back nearly 20 years and the same question was being asked about the first Internet wave. Were Netscape and the Web enhancing our economy, or were people just spending more time at work checking out ESPN.com? Official statistics weren’t designed to capture the benefits, and didn’t capture them until statistics experts at the Federal Reserve, urged on by Alan Greenspan, refined the way they measured productivity. As a result of these somewhat controversial innovations, the late 1990s became a period of substantial technology-driven gains.
It is possible that the same gap exists today, that social-media tools are indeed laying the groundwork for new industries and jobs, but aren’t yet registering on the statistical radar. Many companies believe social media make them more competitive. Ford and Zappos, for instance, use Twitter to market their products and address consumer complaints.
One big question is what proportion of that benefit will be captured economically by consumers vs. corporations. Sure, social media allow people to compare prices and quality and assess which companies are good to work for and where jobs might be. They also may enhance education and idea sharing, but the caveat is that the people who use these tools are the ones with higher education and income to spend on technology, not the tens of millions whose position in today’s world has eroded so sharply. According to a recent Pew Foundation study, only 45 percent of adults making less than US$30,000 have access to broadband, which is an essential component of using content-rich social media effectively.
And that is the rub. Like so many things these days, social media contribute to economic bifurcation. Dynamic companies are benefiting from these tools, even if the gains are tough to nail down in specific figures. Many individuals are benefiting too, using LinkedIn to find jobs and Groupon to find deals. But now, the irony is that social media widen the social divide, making it even harder for the have-nots to navigate. They allow those with jobs to do them more effectively and companies that are profiting to profit more. But so far, they have done little to aid those who are being left behind. They are, in short, business as usual.
71
Which of the following statements about social-media companies is NOT true?
- A.Most of them are private.
- B.Their value is increasing fast.
- C.They are receiving huge sums of investment.
- D.They contribute greatly to the labor market.
72
It is critical to know social media’s contribution to national economic health in that _____.
- A.it makes Silicon Valley more competitive
- B.investors from the Wall Street need to know it
- C.it is crucial for the future economy of the U. S.
- D.it guarantees the benefits of social-media founders
73
It is difficult to clarify social media’s contribution to national economic health because _____.
- A.investment returns are uncertain
- B.the industry is new
- C.it is not environmentally friendly
- D.it is Internet-driven
74
The phrase “the same gap” underlined in Paragraph 5 refers to _____.
- A.the existence of social media and the registration of statistical radar
- B.the establishment of new companies and the measurement of productivity
- C.substantial economic gains and the development of new technologies
- D.economic benefits from social media and lack of official statistics
75
Ford and Zappos are cited as examples to show that _____.
- A.Twitter is the best social-media tool for companies
- B.social media have changed the way the younger generations communicate
- C.companies can get economic benefits by using social-media tools
- D.big companies are playing a leading role in using social-media tools
76
Who are most unlikely to benefit from social media?
- A.The unemployed.
- B.Wall Street investors.
- C.Profitable companies.
- D.The well-educated.
77
The advantage of social media is that it helps _____.
- A.people get career opportunities and incomes
- B.consumers buy their own goods
- C.people consciously manage information about their self-image
- D.social-media platforms improve students’ education
78
What is the author’s attitude toward social media’s contribution to national economic health?
- A.Indifferent.
- B.Doubtful.
- C.Positive.
- D.Neutral.
79
It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
- A.social media help create services that turn into jobs, growth, and prosperity
- B.many corporations make it possible for employees to communicate across divisions and regions
- C.social media are viewed as today’s version of the telephone
- D.social media do only marginal good to national economic health
80
Which of the following titles is proper for the passage?
- A.Can Social Media Help the Economy?
- B.Do Social Media Benefit Most Big Companies?
- C.Do Social Media Tools Influence Cultural Values?
- D.Who Could Become the Next Twitter?
Questions 81—90 are based on the following passage.
When the first of the two Viking landers touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, and began to send camera images back to earth, the scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory could not suppress a certain nervous anticipation, like people holding a lottery ticket that they have a one-in-a-million chance of winning. The first photographs that arrived, however, did not contain any evidence of life. What revealed itself to them was merely a barren landscape littered with rocks and boulders. The view resembled nothing so much as a flat section of desert.
The scientists were soon ready to turn their attention from visible life to microorganisms. The twin Viking landers carried three experiments designed to detect current biological activity and one to detect organic compounds, because researchers thought it possible that life had developed on early Mars just as it is thought to have developed on earth, through the gradual chemical evolution of complex organic molecules. To detect biological activity, Martian soil samples were treated with various nutrients that would produce characteristic by-products if life forms were active in the soil. The results from all three experiments were inconclusive. The fourth experiment heated a soil sample to look for signs of organic material, but found none, an unexpected result because at least organic compounds from the bombardment of the Martian surface by meteorites were thought to have been present.
The absence of organic materials, some scientists speculated, was the result of intense ultraviolet radiation penetrating the atmosphere of Mars and destroying organic compounds in the soil. Although Mars’ atmosphere was, at one time, rich in carbon dioxide and thus thick enough to protect its surface from the harmful rays of the sun, the carbon dioxide had gradually left the atmosphere and been converted into rocks. This means that even if life had gotten a start on early Mars, it could not have survived the exposure to ultraviolet radiation when the atmosphere thinned.
Despite the disappointing Viking results, there are those who still keep the possibility of life on Mars open. They point out that the Viking data cannot be considered the final word on Martian life because the two landers only sampled two limited-and uninteresting-sites. The Viking landing sites were not chosen for what they might tell of the planet’s biology. They were chosen primarily because they appeared to be safe for landing a spacecraft. The landing sites were on parts of the Martian plains that appeared relatively featureless from orbital photographs.
The type of Martian terrain that these researchers suggest may be a possible hiding place because active life has an earthly parallel: the ice-free region of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, where the temperatures in some dry valleys average below zero. Organisms known as endoliths, a form of blue-green algae that has adapted to this harsh environment, were found living inside certain rocks in these Antarctic valleys. The argument based on this discovery is that if life did exist on early Mars, it is possible that it escaped worsening conditions by similarly seeking refuge in rocks. Skeptics object, however, that Mars in its present state is simply too dry, even compared with Antarctic valleys, to sustain any life whatsoever.
Should Mars eventually prove to be completely barren of life, as some suspect, then this would have a significant impact on the current view of the chemical origin of life. It could be much more difficult to get life started on a planet than scientists thought before the Viking landings.
When the first of the two Viking landers touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, and began to send camera images back to earth, the scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory could not suppress a certain nervous anticipation, like people holding a lottery ticket that they have a one-in-a-million chance of winning. The first photographs that arrived, however, did not contain any evidence of life. What revealed itself to them was merely a barren landscape littered with rocks and boulders. The view resembled nothing so much as a flat section of desert.
The scientists were soon ready to turn their attention from visible life to microorganisms. The twin Viking landers carried three experiments designed to detect current biological activity and one to detect organic compounds, because researchers thought it possible that life had developed on early Mars just as it is thought to have developed on earth, through the gradual chemical evolution of complex organic molecules. To detect biological activity, Martian soil samples were treated with various nutrients that would produce characteristic by-products if life forms were active in the soil. The results from all three experiments were inconclusive. The fourth experiment heated a soil sample to look for signs of organic material, but found none, an unexpected result because at least organic compounds from the bombardment of the Martian surface by meteorites were thought to have been present.
The absence of organic materials, some scientists speculated, was the result of intense ultraviolet radiation penetrating the atmosphere of Mars and destroying organic compounds in the soil. Although Mars’ atmosphere was, at one time, rich in carbon dioxide and thus thick enough to protect its surface from the harmful rays of the sun, the carbon dioxide had gradually left the atmosphere and been converted into rocks. This means that even if life had gotten a start on early Mars, it could not have survived the exposure to ultraviolet radiation when the atmosphere thinned.
Despite the disappointing Viking results, there are those who still keep the possibility of life on Mars open. They point out that the Viking data cannot be considered the final word on Martian life because the two landers only sampled two limited-and uninteresting-sites. The Viking landing sites were not chosen for what they might tell of the planet’s biology. They were chosen primarily because they appeared to be safe for landing a spacecraft. The landing sites were on parts of the Martian plains that appeared relatively featureless from orbital photographs.
The type of Martian terrain that these researchers suggest may be a possible hiding place because active life has an earthly parallel: the ice-free region of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, where the temperatures in some dry valleys average below zero. Organisms known as endoliths, a form of blue-green algae that has adapted to this harsh environment, were found living inside certain rocks in these Antarctic valleys. The argument based on this discovery is that if life did exist on early Mars, it is possible that it escaped worsening conditions by similarly seeking refuge in rocks. Skeptics object, however, that Mars in its present state is simply too dry, even compared with Antarctic valleys, to sustain any life whatsoever.
Should Mars eventually prove to be completely barren of life, as some suspect, then this would have a significant impact on the current view of the chemical origin of life. It could be much more difficult to get life started on a planet than scientists thought before the Viking landings.
81
Which of the following titles is proper for the passage?
- A.Relationship Between Life on Mars and Evolutionary Theory
- B.Scientific Achievement of the Viking Mlission
- C.Possibility of Life Existence on Mars
- D.Limitations of Scientific Investigation of Mars
82
The word “suppress” underlined in Paragraph1 means to _____.
- A.vanquish
- B.prohibit
- C.oppose
- D.stifle
83
The phrase “holding a lottery ticket” underlined in Paragraph 1 is used to _____.
- A.indicate how likely it was that the photographs would show Martian life
- B.suggest that scientists thought the camera might not function
- C.refute the belief that life may exist on Mars
- D.imply that any mission to another planet is a venture
84
The four Viking experiments were designed to _____.
- A.prove that meteorites do not strike the surface of Mars as often as scientists thought
- B.show that biological activity is completely void of life on Mars
- C.determine whether life exists on Mars
- D.provide evidence for the existence of nutrients that produce life forms
85
According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is true?
- A.Viking experiments were not sensitive enough to detect life on Mars.
- B.Organic materials on Mars might have been destroyed by ultraviolet radiation.
- C.Microbes from dry Antarctic valleys will reproduce only every few months.
- D.Mars had a shallow ocean covering much of its northern hemisphere in the first few hundred million years.
86
Paragraph 3 provides _____.
- A.an analysis of a theory set forth earlier
- B.a theory about findings presented earlier
- C.some evidence supporting a statement made earlier
- D.a summation of facts reviewed earlier
87
It can be inferred from the passage that Mars _____.
- A.was not able to support any life as the earth is
- B.possessed at one time an atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide, but the earth did not
- C.accumulated organic compounds from meteorites
- D.had an atmospheric layer that protected organic compounds
88
What did the author emphasize by mentioning the Viking landing sites in Paragraph 4?
- A.Uninteresting as the landing sites were, they could have harbored Martian life.
- B.The landers’ failure of finding evidence of life does not mean that Mars is devoid of life.
- C.The Viking mission was unsuccessful largely due to selection of improper landing sites. D. Scientists were not expecting to discover life on the Martian plains.
89
In Paragraph 5, the researchers’ argument that life may exist in Martian rocks is grounded on the fact that _____.
- A.endoliths are capable of living in the harsh Martian environment
- B.life developed in the form of blue-green algae on Mars
- C.organisms may adopt identical survival strategies in comparable environments
- D.organisms that have survived in Antarctica could survive the Martian environment
90
The author concludes the passage by stating that _____.
- A.human beings could eventually discover life on Mars even if there are many difficulties
- B.it is a tougher job for scientists to spot life on Mars than they expected
- C.the detection of life on Mars was not a primary objective of the scientists who sent the Viking landers
- D.Viking landing influences scientific theory regarding the chemical origin of life on the earth
三、完形填空
（共10 分。）
The world’s greatest snow-capped peaks, which run in a chain from the Himalayas to the Tianshan Mountains on the border of China and Kyrgyzstan, have lost no ice over the last decade, new research shows.
The discovery has _____ (91) scientists, who had believed that around 50 billion tons of melted water were being shed each year and not being replaced by new snowfall.
The study is the first to survey all the world’s icecaps and glaciers and was made _____ (92) by the use of satellite data. Overall, the _____ (93) of melting ice outside the two largest caps-Greenland and Antarctica-is much _____ (94) than previously estimated, with the lack of _____ (95) loss in the Himalayas and the other high _____ (96) of Asia responsible for most of the discrepancy.
Bristol University glaciologist Professor Jonathan Bamber said, “The very unexpected result was the _____ (97) mass loss from high mountains of Asia, which is not _____ (98) different from zero.”
The melting of Himalayan glaciers caused _____ (99) in 2009 when a report from the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change mistakenly stated that they would disappear by 2035, instead of 2350. _____ (100), the scientist who led the new work is clear that while greater uncertainty has been discovered in Asia’s highest mountains, the melting of icecaps and glaciers around the world _____ (101) a serious concern.
“Our results and those of everyone else show we are _____ (102) a huge amount of water into the oceans every year,” said Professor John Wahr of the University of Colorado. His team’s study concludes _____ (103) 443 to 629 billion tons of melted water overall are added to the world’s oceans each year. This is _____ (104) sea level by about 1.5 mm a year, the _____ (105) reports, in addition to the 2 mm a year caused by _____ (106) of the warming ocean.
The scientists are _____ (107) to point out that lower-altitude glaciers in the Asian mountain ranges are _____ (108) melting. Satellite images and reports _____ (109) this. But over the study period from 2003 to 2010, enough ice was added to the peaks to _____ (110).
The discovery has _____ (91) scientists, who had believed that around 50 billion tons of melted water were being shed each year and not being replaced by new snowfall.
The study is the first to survey all the world’s icecaps and glaciers and was made _____ (92) by the use of satellite data. Overall, the _____ (93) of melting ice outside the two largest caps-Greenland and Antarctica-is much _____ (94) than previously estimated, with the lack of _____ (95) loss in the Himalayas and the other high _____ (96) of Asia responsible for most of the discrepancy.
Bristol University glaciologist Professor Jonathan Bamber said, “The very unexpected result was the _____ (97) mass loss from high mountains of Asia, which is not _____ (98) different from zero.”
The melting of Himalayan glaciers caused _____ (99) in 2009 when a report from the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change mistakenly stated that they would disappear by 2035, instead of 2350. _____ (100), the scientist who led the new work is clear that while greater uncertainty has been discovered in Asia’s highest mountains, the melting of icecaps and glaciers around the world _____ (101) a serious concern.
“Our results and those of everyone else show we are _____ (102) a huge amount of water into the oceans every year,” said Professor John Wahr of the University of Colorado. His team’s study concludes _____ (103) 443 to 629 billion tons of melted water overall are added to the world’s oceans each year. This is _____ (104) sea level by about 1.5 mm a year, the _____ (105) reports, in addition to the 2 mm a year caused by _____ (106) of the warming ocean.
The scientists are _____ (107) to point out that lower-altitude glaciers in the Asian mountain ranges are _____ (108) melting. Satellite images and reports _____ (109) this. But over the study period from 2003 to 2010, enough ice was added to the peaks to _____ (110).
91
_____
- A.reminded
- B.stunned
- C.concerned
- D.worried
92
_____
- A.hard
- B.easy
- C.possible
- D.known
93
_____
- A.contribution
- B.disappearance
- C.supplement
- D.provision
94
_____
- A.more
- B.greater
- C.less
- D.fewer
95
_____
- A.ice
- B.snow
- C.water
- D.snowfall
96
_____
- A.ranges
- B.hills
- C.peaks
- D.mountains
97
_____
- A.susceptible
- B.incredible
- C.assessable
- D.negligible
98
_____
- A.brilliantly
- B.significantly
- C.additionally
- D.incrementally
99
_____
- A.contest
- B.compromise
- C.confrontation
- D.controversy
100
_____
- A.Moreover
- B.However
- C.Besides
- D.Therefore
101
_____
- A.proves
- B.shows
- C.remains
- D.implies
102
_____
- A.losing
- B.creating
- C.abandoning
- D.increasing
103
_____
- A.why
- B.that
- C.what
- D.which
104
_____
- A.multiplying
- B.decreasing
- C.topping
- D.raising
105
_____
- A.book
- B.team
- C.periodical
- D.dissertation
106
_____
- A.expansion
- B.contraction
- C.inflation
- D.augmentation
107
_____
- A.astonished
- B.stern
- C.pessimistic
- D.careful
108
_____
- A.invisibly
- B.particularly
- C.definitely
- D.simply
109
_____
- A.reject
- B.deny
- C.assure
- D.confirm
110
_____
- A.harmonize
- B.compensate
- C.lose
- D.return
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