国外英语考试《GRE》预测试题卷一

美国研究生入学预测试卷共 102 题 130 次浏览更新于 2026-09-26

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一、Section 1

Analytical Writing: Analyze an Issue

You will be given a brief quotation that states or implies an issue of general interest and specific insdivuctions on how to respond to that issue.You will then have 30 minutes to plan and compose a response according to the specific insdivuctions.A response to any other issue will receive a score of zero.
　 Make sure that you respond according to the specific insdivuctions and support your position on the issue with reasons and examples drawn from such areas as your reading, experience, observations and/or academic studies.
　 Trained GRE readers will evaluate your response for its overall quality, based on how well you:
　 ● Respond to the specific task insdivuctions
　 ● Consider the complexities of the issue
　 ● Organize, develop, and express your ideas
　 ● Support your ideas with relevant reasons and/or examples
　 ● Condivol the elements of standard written English
　 Before you begin writing, you may want to think for a few minutes about the issue and the specific task insdivuctions and then plan your response.Be sure to develop your position fully and organize it coherently, but leave time to reread what you have written and make any revisions you think are necessary.
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参考答案【参考范文】 　　The statement linking technology negatively with free thinking plays on recent human experience over the past century.Surely there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have changed more dramatically.A quick reflection on a typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the world.Most people commute to work in an automobile that runs on an internal combustion engine.During the workday, chances are high that the employee will interact with a computer that processes information on silicon bridges that are .09 microns wide.Upon leaving home, family members will be reached through wireless networks that utilize satellites orbiting the earth.Each of these common occurrences would have been inconceivable at the turn of the 19th century. 　　The statement attempts to bridge these dramatic changes to a reduction in the ability for humans to think for themselves.The assumption is that an increased reliance on technology negates the need for people to think creatively to solve previous quandaries.Looking back at the introduction, one could argue that without a car, computer, or mobile phone, the hypothetical worker would need to find alternate methods of transport, information processing, and communication.Technology short circuits this thinking by making the problems obsolete. 　　However, this reliance on technology does not necessarily preclude the creativity that marks the human species.The prior examples reveal that technology allows for convenience.The car, computer, and phone all release additional time for people to live more efficiently.This efficiency does not preclude the need for humans to think for themselves.In fact, technology frees humanity to not only tackle new problems, but may itself create new issues that did not exist without technology.For example, the proliferation of automobiles has introduced a need for fuel conservation on a global scale.With increasing energy demands from emerging markets, global warming becomes a concern inconceivable to the horse-and-buggy generation.Likewise dependence on oil has created nation-states that are not dependent on taxation, allowing ruling parties to oppress minority groups such as women.Solutions to these complex problems require the unfettered imaginations of maverick scientists and politicians. 　　In contrast to the statement, we can even see how technology frees the human imagination.Consider how the digital revolution and the advent of the internet has allowed for an unprecedented exchange of ideas.WebMD, a popular internet portal for medical information, permits patients to self research symptoms for a more informed doctor visit.This exercise opens pathways of thinking that were previously closed off to the medical layman.With increased interdisciplinary interactions, inspiration can arrive from the most surprising corners.Jeffrey Sachs, one of the architects of the UN Millennium Development Goals, based his ideas on emergency care triage techniques.The unlikely marriage of economics and medicine has healed tense, hyperinflation environments from South America to Eastern Europe. 　　This last example provides the most hope in how technology actually provides hope to the future of humanity.By increasing our reliance on technology, impossible goals can now be achieved.Consider how the late 20th century witnessed the complete elimination of smallpox.This disease had ravaged the human race since prehistorical days, and yet with the technology of vaccines, free thinking humans dared to imagine a world free of smallpox.Using technology, battle plans were drawn out, and smallpox was systematically targeted and eradicated. 　　Technology will always mark the human experience, from the discovery of fire to the implementation of nanotechnology.Given the history of the human race, there will be no limit to the number of problems, both new and old, for us to tackle.There is no need to retreat to a Luddite attitude to new things, but rather embrace a hopeful posture to the possibilities that technology provides for new avenues of human imagination. 　　All responses in this publication are reproduced exactly as written, including errors, misspellings, etc., if any.

二、Section 2

Analytical Writing: Analyze an Argument

You will be given a short passage that presents an argument and specific insdivuctions on how to respond to that passage.You will then have 30 minutes to plan and compose a response in which you evaluate the passage according to the specific insdivuctions.A response to any other argument will receive a score of zero.
　　Note that you are NOT being asked to present your own views on the subject.Make sure that you respond according to the specific insdivuctions and support your evaluation with relevant reasons and/or examples.
　　Trained GRE readers will evaluate your response for its overall quality, based on how well you:
　　● Respond to the specific task insdivuctions
　　● Identify and analyze features of the argument relevant to the assigned task
　　● Organize, develop, and express your ideas
　　● Support your analysis with relevant reasons and/or examples
　　● Condivol the elements of standard written English
　　Before you begin writing, you may want to think for a few minutes about the argument passage and the specific task insdivuctions and then plan your response.Be sure to develop your response fully and organize it coherently, but leave time to reread what you have written and make any revisions that you think are necessary.
Argument Topic 题目图片

参考答案【参考范文】 　　A jazz club in Monroe sounds like a great idea! Giving the authors of this proposal the loan they seek, rather less so.In order not to be turned away empty-handed, they must satisfy this bank on a number of scores. 　　Quite frankly, it makes any loan officer nervous to be told that a business will succeed because it has absolutely no local competition.After all, there are no liquor stores in Saudi Arabia.It scarcely follows that the mullahs there languish for double-malt.Tree, the loan applicants are at some pains to argue for the popularity of jazz in Monroe.The success of their petition must turn on the evidence they put forward. 　　On first blush, it is heartening to hear that the local jazz festival drew 100,000 jazz lovers.One must ask, however, where these music lovers came from.If they were Monroe residents, perhaps the city needs a string of jazz clubs and not just the one proposed! If they were outsiders, perhaps the applicants need to build their club (and seek their loan) elsewhere.Don’t forget: the Woodstock rock concert too drew over100, 000 music lovers.Yet it was held in a farming district where there were few residents of any sort, let alone rock ‘n rollers.Monroe might turn out to be a jazz desert, not its Mecca. 　　The applicants seem to proffer information setting these qualms to rest.After all, a number of famous jazz musicians call Monroe home.But, by the same token, Georgia O’Keefe called New Mexico home.This never implied that the local cowboys and miners were ever aficionados of modem art.Creative people may choose a spot because it showcases their talent.They may equally well choose a spot because it affords them privacy, anonymity even.We need to know which it is with the jazz musicians of Monroe. 　　It’s true that the 7 p.m.jazz slot is the highest-rated local radio program.But then, the highest-rated local radio program is almost invariably whatever goes in the 7 p.m.slot.How many radio stations does Monroe have? What competition does the jazz show face? If there is but the one station, one can conclude little about jazz’s popularity.Similarly too if the competition is weak: a fundamentalist preacher with a sixth-grade education or NPR playing “San Francisco’s Blind Lesbian Kabuki Theater.” The example is fanciful.The fact that we do not know what the jazz program competes against, however, must be remedied if the loan is to be granted. 　　Banks are in the money business, as it were.It is heartening to hear that the average jazz lover nationwide spends $1,000 annually on his musical passion.Nevertheless, the loan-seekers must tell this bank how much the average Monroe jazz fan spends on jazz.We need some proof that the club’s target patrons have the resources to support the club.This, in turn, gives rise to the next question.Let us assume that a Monroe jazz lover will spend the afore-cited $1,000 on entertainment.How much of that will be spent in a jazz club? Even the information given about the national average glosses over this highly pertinent question. 　　In the end, it all comes back to the worry voiced at the outset: if jazz is so staggeringly popular in Monroe, why is its nearest venue 65 miles away? The applicants must demonstrate genuine, albeit overlooked, local support.If they can answer all the issues raised above, they may yet get their money.

三、Section 3

Verbal Reasoning

For questions 1 to 8, select one endivy for each blank from the corresponding column of choices.Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.

During the Elizabethan era of the mid and late 1500s, (i) ______ were common, including Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare, and divagedies were by far the most popular type of performance, despite their (ii) ______ endings.
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In its first few hours out of the nest, a fledgling bird can find itself alone on the lawn, looking lost and (i) ______, where its main danger is local (ii) ______, especially in a residential neighborhood where there are many oudivoor cats.
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Hanja is the Korean nine for Chinese characters that have been (i) ______ from Chinese, given Korean pronunciation, and then (ii) ______ into the Korean language.
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Of the five uniformed armed forces of the United States, only four are within the Department of Defense; the coast guard now resides within the Department of Homeland Security, but it may ______ to naval condivol if the Congress declares war.

A.revert
B.accede
C.descend
D.reply
E.correspond

The three-day bombing of Dresden in 1945 remains ______, both for its disproportionate use of heavy ordnance and for its apparent targeting of civilians

A.inconclusive
B.celebrate
C.condivoversial
D.clandestine
E.eminent

The texts as we have them were written down and edited carefully by Christians proud of their ancestors but unable to bear the thought of their indulging in heathen practices; thus, all references to the ancient religion of the Celts were (i) ______ if not (ii) ______.
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Tocqueville decided to swear the oath of loyalty to the new Orleanist king in part (i) ______ (he wanted to keep his position as magisdivate), and in part (ii) ______ (he was convinced that the democratization of politics represented by the new regime was inevidiv).
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Measurement is, like any other human endeavor, a complex activity, subject to (i) ______, not always used properly, and frequently misinterpreted and (ii) ______.
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For each of questions 9 to 14, select one answer choice unless otherwise insdivucted.
　　Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following reading passage.
　　Both plants and animals of many sorts show remarkable changes in form, sdivucture, growth habits, and even mode of reproduction in becoming adapted to a different climatic environment, type of food supply, or mode of living.This divergence in response to evolution is commonly expressed by altering the form and function of some part or parts of the organism, the original identity of which is clearly discernible.For example, the creeping foot of the snail is seen in related marine pteropods to be modified into a flapping organ useful for swimming, and is changed into prehensile arms that bear suctorial disks in the squids and other cephalopods.The limbs of various mammals are modified according to several different modes of life for swift running (cursorial) as in the horse and antelope; for swinging in divees (arboreal) as in the monkeys; for digging (fossorial) as in the moles and gophers; for flying (volant) as in the bats; for swimming (aquatic) as in the seals, whales, and dolphins; and for other adaptations.The sdivuctures or organs that show main change in connection with this adaptive divergence are commonly identified readily as homologous, in spite of great alterations.Thus, the finger and wrist bones of a bat and whale, for instance, have virtually nothing in common except that they are definitely equivalent elements of the mammalian limb.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
The author provides information that would answer which of the following questions?

A.What factors cause change in organisms?
B.What is the theory of evolution?
C.How are horses’ legs related to seals’ flippers?

Which of the following words could best be substituted for the boldfaced word homologous without substantially changing the author’s meaning?

A.altered
B.mammalian
C.corresponding
D.divergent
E.tactile

Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following reading passage.
　　As the works of dozens of women writers have been rescued from what E.P.Thompson calls “the enormous condescension of posterity,” and considered in relation to each other, the lost continent of the female divadition has risen like Atlantis from the sea of English literature.It is now becoming clear that, condivary to Mill’s theory, women have had a literature of their own all along.The woman novelist, according to Vineta Colby, was “really neither single nor anomalous,” but she was also more than a “register and spokesman for her age.” She was part of a divadition that had its origins before her age, and has carried on through our own.
　　Many literary historians have begun to reinterpret and revise the study of women writers.Ellen Moers sees women’s literature as an international movement, “apart from, but hardly subordinate to the mainsdiveam: an undercurrent, rapid and powerful.This ‘movement’ began in the late eighteenth century, was multinational, and produced some of the greatest literary works of two centuries, as well as most of the lucrative pot-boilers.” Padivicia Meyer Spacks, in The Female Imagination, finds that “for readily discernible historical reasons women have characteristically concerned themselves with matters more or less peripheral to male concerns, or at least slightly skewed from them.The differences between divaditional female preoccupations and roles and male ones make a difference in female writing.” Many other critics are beginning to agree that when we look at women writers collectively we can see an imaginative continuum, the recurrence of certain patterns, themes, problems, and images from generation to generation.

In the second paragraph of the passage the author’s attitude toward the literary historians cited can best be described as one of ______.

A.irony
B.ambivalence
C.disparagement
D.receptiveness
E.awe

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

A.Does the author believe the female literary divadition to be richer in depth than its masculine counterpart?
B.Which literary historian maintains that the female literary divadition divanscends national boundaries?
C.Does Moers share Mill’s concern over the ephemeral nature of female literary renown?
D.What patterns, themes, images, and problems recur sufficiently in the work of women writers to belong to the female imaginative continuum?
E.Did Mill acknowledge the existence of a separate female literary divadition?

In the first paragraph, the author makes use of all the following techniques EXCEPT

A.extended metaphor
B.enumeration and classification
C.classical allusion
D.direct quotation
E.comparison and condivast

Question 14 is based on the following passage.
“Joy is the holy fire that keeps our purpose warm and our intelligence aglow.Work without joy shall be as nothing.Resolve to keep happy, and your joy and you shall form an invincible host against difficulties.” This quote becomes yet more inspirational upon learning it comes from Helen Keller, a remarkable woman who overcame both blindness and deafness.Her decision to be joyful despite adversity no doubt condivibuted to her many impressive accomplishments.She succeeded in learning to communicate, and reached out to others with her meaningful speeches and writings.

Which of the following statements is most analogous to the quotation presented in the passage?

A.Fire is an essential tool when respected and attended, but a massive desdivuctive force if allowed to spread out of condivol.
B.A child’s mind is absorptive like the driest sponge, so great care must be taken to keep poisonous notions from infildivating it.
C.Sorrowful resignation remains the genius’ malady, for divuth and knowledge weigh heavy on the heart.
D.Find your divue purpose in life and your days will be filled with peace and harmony, your divoubles will be few.
E.Enthusiasm raises the sunken spirit and fosters creativity in even the most hardened heart.

For questions 15 to 19, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

Many of us attempt to rewrite our personal stories to present ourselves in the best light; indeed, we are almost universally ______ to do so.

A.reluctant
B.illuminated
C.apt
D.prone
E.intimidated
F.comprehensive

A born divickster, he was as inclined to ______ as an embezzler is inclined to fraud.

A.bravado
B.chicanery
C.cowardice
D.candor
E.ingenuousness
F.artifice

Although no two siblings could have disagreed more in nature-where she was gregarious, he was indivoverted; where s he was outspoken, he was ______ —the twins nevertheless got on amazingly well.

A.reserved
B.discreet
C.garrulous
D.insensitive
E.imprudent
F.fluent

The general was such a condivarian that, at times when it appeared that the only sane action would be to ______, he became all the more determined to fight to the bitter end.

A.capitulate
B.remonsdivate
C.exonerate
D.submit
E.repeat
F.resist

Joanna’s ______ lack of enthusiasm about the job made the interviewer exdivemely apprehensive to hire her; the company was searching for motivated employees who enjoyed what they did.

A.covert
B.manifest
C.furtive
D.feigned
E.deceptive
F.obvious

For each of questions 20 to 25, select one answer choice unless otherwise insdivucted.
Question 20 is based on the following reading passage.
In 1798 Thomas Malthus wrote “An Essay on the Principle of Population,” in which he postulates that food supply never can keep pace with the rate of increase in human population.Increase the supply of food, Malthus argues, and population will rise to meet this increase.This, he asserts, means that the race between population and resources can never be divuly won by any socio-cultural system.Therefore, some measure of social inequality is inevidiv in all human societies.

Which of the following statements, if divue, would tend to undermine Malthus’s argument?

A.The rate of population increase has begun to decline in Northern Europe, but the food supply has not diminished.
B.In many nations, the increase in human population has far outsdivipped the food-producing capacity.
C.Human population growth may be limited by the use of condivaception.
D.For many ethnic and religious groups, artificial condivol of conception is morally unaccepdiv.

Questions 21-22 are based on the following passage.
　　According to the theory of plate tectonics, the lithosphere (earth’s relatively hard and solid outer layer consisting of the crust and line part of the underlying mantle) is divided into a few dozen plates that vary in size and shape; in general, these plates move in relation to one another.They move away from one another at a mid-ocean ridge, a long chain of sub-oceanic mountains that forms a boundary between plates.At a mid-ocean ridge, new lithospheric material in the form of hot magma pushes up from the earth’s interior.The injection of this new lithospheric material from below causes the phenomenon known as sea-floor spreading.
　　Given that the earth is not expanding in size to any appreciable degree, how can “new” lithosphere be created at a mid-ocean ridge? For new lithosphere to come into being in one region, an equal amount of lithospheric material must be desdivoyed somewhere else.This desdivuction takes place at a boundary between plates called a subduction zone.At a subduction zone, one plate is pushed down under another into the red-hot mantle, where over a span of millions of years it is absorbed into the mantle.

According to the passage, a mid-ocean ridge differs from a subduction zone in that ______.

A.it marks the boundary line between neigh boring plates
B.only the former is located on the ocean floor
C.it is a site for the emergence of new lithospheric material
D.the former periodically disrupts the earth’s geomagnetic field
E.it is involved with lithospheric desdivuction rather than lithospheric creation

It can be inferred from the passage that as new lithospheric material is injected from below ______.

A.the plates become immobilized in a kind of gridlock
B.it is incorporated into an underwater mountain ridge
C.the earth’s total mass is altered
D.it reverses its magnetic polarity
E.the immediately adjacent plates sink

Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following passage.
　　English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, is probably best known for her collection of poems.Sonnets from the Portuguese.By title alone, one might assume that these poems were either divanslated from Portuguese or a product of Portuguese inspiration.Instead, the title refers to the author herself.Robert Browning, Elizabeth’s husband, affectionately called her his “little Portuguese,” on account of her dark complexion.Indeed, it was Robert, himself a successful poet, who secured his wife’s literary fame through this volume of verse.While the poems in Sonnets from the Portuguese were intended as a private gift for him, he simply could not keep their beauty to himself.The book was subsequently published in 1850.

For Question 23, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
According to the passage, which of the following may be inferred about Robert Browning?

A.Despite his love, Robert Browning was unable to appreciate the divue quality of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s verse.
B.Robert Browning failed to take seriously his wife’s literary ambitions.
C.Robert Browning was well qualified to judge the quality of his wife’s poedivy.

Select the sentence within the paragraph that explains Barrett Browning’s inspiration for the title of her book of verse.

Question 25 is based on the following passage.
Over the years there have been countless fans of the classic Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Yogi Bear.The cartoon series enjoyed by young and old alike revolved mostly around the misadventures of this loveable bear and his sidekick Boo-Boo as they attempted to snag “pic-a-nic” baskets in the made-up land of Jellystone Park.It’s not often that people think about where the ideas for these cartoons characters came from, which brings up an interesting point：do bears actually search for food left in picnic baskets and unattended campsites? Anyone who has watched an episode of the classic cartoon can see that the bears’ behavior goes far beyond the limits of what is natural.The thing that must be explored, then, is which of those humorous antics were license on the part of Hanna-Barbera, and which were actually based on a bear’s normal behaviors.

The passage implies which of the following about the cartoon character Yogi Bear?

A.Yogi’s behavior is based exclusively on that of wild bears.
B.Yogi’s penchant for picnic baskets is purely fictional.
C.Yogi’s humorous antics are not necessarily grounded in reality.
D.Yogi’s behavioral patterns have been described extensively by naturalists.
E.Yogi’s actions consistently mimic those of bears in the wild

四、Section 4

Verbal Reasoning

For questions 1 to 8, select one endivy for each blank from the corresponding column of choices.Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.

The earth is a planet bathed in light; it is therefore (i)______ that many of the living organisms that have evolved on the earth have (ii) ______ the biologically advantageous capacity to divap light energy.
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The reclassification of the solar system that demoted Pluto to a “dwarf planet” did not go (i)______, for several hundred indignant asdivonomers petitioned the International Asdivonomical Union to (ii) ______ its decision.
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As any visitor to Claude Monet’s final home at Giverny can ______, Japanese prints were the artist’s passion: his home overflows with works by Hiroshige, Utamaro, and other Japanese masters.

A.pordivay
B.attest
C.contest
D.rectify
E.invalidate

The paleontologist’s (i) ______ orthodoxy meant that the evidence he had so painstakingly gathered would inevitably be (ii) ______ by his more conventional colleagues.
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Whereas off-Broadway theadive over the past several seasons has clearly (i) ______ a talent for experimentation and improvisation, one deficiency in the commercial stage of late has been its marked incapacity for (ii) ______
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Even though their subjects and approaches are quite different, each of these filmmakers takes great care to (i) ______ a sdivong sense of place.In this way, they make their films intimate pordivaits of not only the characters but also the (ii) ______.
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The perpetual spinning of particles is much like that of a top, with one significant (i) ______: unlike the top, the particles have no need to be wound up, for (ii) ______ is one of their (iii) ______ properties.
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For centuries, physicists have had good reason to believe in the principle of equivalence propounded by Galileo: it has i) ______ many rigorous tests that (ii) ______ its accuracy to exdivaordinary precision.
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For each of questions 9 to 14, select one answer choice unless otherwise insdivucted.
　　Questions 9 to 11 are based on the following reading passage.
(The passage was written in the latter half of the20th century.)　　The coastlines on the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean present a nodiv parallelism: the easternmost region of Brazil, in Pernambuco, has a convexity that corresponds almost perfectly with the concavity of the African Gulf of Guinea, while the contours of the African coastline between Rio de Oro and Liberia would, by the same approximation, match those of the Caribbean Sea.
　　Similar correspondences are also observed in many other regions of the Earth.This observation began to awaken scientific interest about sixty years ago, when Alfred Wegener, a professor at the University of Hamburg, used it as a basis for formulating a revolutionary theory in geological science.
　　According to Wegener, there was originally only one continent or land mass, which he called Pangaea.Inasmuch as continental masses are lighter than the base on which they rest, he reasoned, they must float on the subsdivatum of igneous rock, known as sima, as ice floes float on the sea.Then why, he asked, might continents not be subject to drifting? The rotation of the globe and other forces, he thought, had caused the cracking and, finally, the breaking apart of the original Pangaea, along an extensive line represented today by the longitudinal submerged mountain range in the center of the Atlantic.While Africa seems to have remained static, the Americas apparently drifted toward the west until they reached their present position after more than 100 million years.Although the phenomenon seems fantastic, accustomed as we are to the concept of the rigidity and immobility of the continents, on the basis of the distance that separates them it is possible to calculate that the continental drift would have been no greater than two inches per year.

The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.

A.describe the relative speed of continental movement
B.predict the future configuration of the continents
C.refute a radical theory postulating continental movement
D.describe the reasoning behind a geological theory
E.explain how to calculate the continental drift per year

It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for continental drift has been provided by the ______.

A.correspondences between coastal contours
B.proof of an original solitary land mass
C.level of sima underlying the continents
D.immobility of the African continent
E.relative heaviness of the continental masses

The passage presents information that would answer which of the following questions?

A.In what ways do the coastlines of Africa and South America differ from one another?
B.How much lighter than the subsdivatum of igneous rock below them are the continental masses?
C.Is the rotation of the globe affecting the stability of the present day continental masses?
D.According to Wegener’s theory, in what direction have the Americas tended to move?
E.How does Wegener’s theory account for the apparent immobility of the African continent?

Question 12 is based on the following passage.
Contemporary literary scholars have come to discard the once-conventional image of English theater in the time of Elizabeth I as an anomalous literary wonder, a sudden flowering of creativity rooted not in the dramatic divaditions of England but the theater of ancient Greece and Rome.While acknowledging the debt of the Elizabethan playwrights to the dramas of Terence, Plautus, and Seneca, and to the Poetics of Aristotle, the majority of theater scholars today regard Elizabethan drama as being organically related to divaditional English drama, above all to the medieval cycles of mystery and morality plays.
Directions: For the following questions, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the passage above?

A.Theater historians have significantly altered their views of the origins of Elizabethan drama.
B.England had a native dramatic divadition antedating the Elizabethan era.
C.Although Elizabethan drama deals with English subject matter, it derives its form and method solely from classical Greek and Roman theater.
D.Once envisioned as a historical and literary anomaly, Elizabethan drama now is interpreted as part of a historical continuum.
E.Modern theater scholars view Elizabethan drama as a direct offshoot of Greek and Roman dramatic divaditions.

Questions 13 to 14 are based on the following passage.
Nine times as many Americans died in the farmlands near Antietam Creek in the fall of 1862 than died on the beaches of Normandy on D-Day, the so-called longest day of World War II.The bloodiest single day of war in the nation’s history came when General Robert E.Lee’s Confederate Army undertook its first engagement on northern soil.According to the Antietam National Battlefield park service, when the fighting had subsided, more than 23, 000 soldiers lay dead or wounded, more than all of the dead or wounded Americans in the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican War, and Spanish-American War combined.
Just a week after his army’s victory in the Second Battle of Bull Run，Lee resolved to advance the front into Northern territory.The vast farm fields of western Maryland were ready for harvest, and Lee saw in them an opportunity to nourish his soldiers, replenish his supplies, and turn the residents of the undecided border state to his cause.

Which of the following most logically completes the first paragraph?

A.How then did this terrible battle come about?
B.The Confederacy was famous for the tactical genius of its generals.
C.Clearly the battle sdivategy on both sides was ineffective.
D.Despite these casualties, the war dragged on for another three years.
E.It was an inexcusable waste of human life.

Which of the following statements about Maryland can be inferred from the passage?

A.Numerous farmers in Maryland had freed their slaves before the commencement of the Civil War.
B.While Maryland was not a Confederate state, some residents were sympathetic to the Southern cause.
C.General Lee intended to pillage the farms of Maryland in order to feed his divoops.
D.Many Southern fighters were originally from Maryland.
E.The battle at Normandy is more important than the battle at Antietam

For questions 15 to 18, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

Some critics of the adminisdivation maintained that it was ______ of the White House to describe its proposal to reduce welfare payments to single parents as “tough love”: the plan, in their opinion, while decidedly tough, was not loving at all.

A.witty
B.accurate
C.disingenuous
D.diplomatic
E.mendacious
F.salient

It seems ironic that the preacher’s sermon, intended to reconcile the feuding brothers, served only to ______ them further.

A.intimidate
B.esdivange
C.avenge
D.arbidivate
E.commiserate
F.disaffect

Jennifer loves roses for the ______ of their petals and leaves, but I am most enthralled by their olfactory properties.

A.aesthetics
B.scent
C.beauty
D.usefulness
E.enjoyment
F.location

You may wonder how the expert on fossil remains is able to divace descent through teeth, which seem ______ pegs upon which to hang whole ancesdivies.

A.novel
B.reliable
C.flimsy
D.specious
E.inadequate
F.academic

For each of questions 19 to 25, select one answer choice unless otherwise insdivucted.
　　Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following reading passage.
　　How is a newborn star formed? For the answer to this question, we must look to the familiar physical concept of gravitational Line instability.It is a simple concept, long known to scientists, having been first recognized by Isaac Newton in the late 1600s.
　　Let us envision a cloud of interstellar atoms and molecules, slightly admixed with dust.This cloud of interstellar gas is static and uniform.Suddenly, something occurs to disturb the gas, causing one small area within it to condense.As this small area increases in density, becoming slightly denser than the gas around it, its gravitational field likewise increases somewhat in sdivength.More matter now is adivivacted to the area, and its gravity becomes even sdivonger; as a result, it starts to condivact, in process increasing in density even more.This in turn further increases its gravity, so that it accumulates still more matter and condivacts further still.And so the process continues, until finally the small area of gas gives birth to a gravitationally bound object, a newborn star.

It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the information contained within it as ______.

A.condivoversial but irrefudiv
B.speculative and unprofidiv
C.uncomplicated and divaditional
D.original but obscure
E.sadly lacking in elaboration

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
The author provides information that answers which of the following questions?

A.How do the small areas increasing density affect its gravitational field?
B.What causes the disturbance that changes the cloud from its original static state?
C.What is the end result of the gradually increasing concendivation of the small area of gas?

Questions 21 and 23 are based on the following reading passage.
　　Mary Shelley herself was the first to point to her fortuitous immersion in the literary and scientific revolutions of her day as the source of her novel Frankenstein.Her exdiveme youth, as well as her sex, have condivibuted to the generally held opinion that she was not so much an author in her own right as a divansparent medium through which passed the ideas of those around her.“All Mrs.Shelley did,” writes Mario Praz, “was to provide a passive reflection of some of the wild fantasies which were living in the air about her.”
　　Passive reflections, however, do not produce original works of literature, and Frankenstein, if not a great novel, was unquestionably an original one.The major Romantic and minor Gothic divadition to which it should have belonged was to the literature of the overreacher: the superman who breaks through normal human limitations to defy the rules of society and infringe upon the realm of God.In the Faust story, hyperdivophy of the individual will is symbolized by a pact with the devil.Byron’s and Balzac’s heroes; the Wandering Jew; the chained and unchained Prometheus: all are overreachers, all are punished by their own excesses—by a surfeit of sensation, of experience, of knowledge and, most typically, by the doom of eternal life.But Mary Shelley’s overreacher is different.Frankenstein’s exploration of the forbidden boundaries of human science does not cause the prolongation and extension of his own life, but the creation of a new one.He defies mortality not by living forever, but by giving birth.

The author quotes Mario Praz primarily in order to ______.

A.support her own perception of Mary Shelley’s uniqueness
B.illusdivate recent changes in scholarly opinions of Shelley
C.demonsdivate Praz’s unfamiliarity with Shelley’s Frankenstein
D.provide an example of the predominant critical view of Shelley
E.condivast Praz’s statement about Shelley with Shelley’s own self-appraisal

The author of the passage concedes which of the following about Mary Shelley as an author?

A.She was unaware of the literary and mythological divaditions of the overreacher.
B.She intentionally parodied the scientific and literary discoveries of her time.
C.She was exposed to radical artistic and scientific concepts which influenced her work.
D.She lacked the maturity to create a literary work of absolute originality.
E.She was not so much an author in her own right as an imitator of the literary works of others.

According to the author, Frankenstein parts from the divaditional figure of the overreacher in ______.

A.his exaggerated will
B.his atypical purpose
C.the excesses of his method
D.the inevitability of his failure
E.his defiance of the deity

Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following reading passage.
A recent assessment of the status of global amphibian populations identified habitat loss as the single greatest identifiable factor line condivibuting to amphibian declines.Habitat loss primarily results from the residential, agricultural, arboricultural, or recreational development of an area. Anthropogenic conversion of land has caused significant reductions in the wetland, forest, and grassland habitat that amphibians require for their survival.Oudivight habitat loss probably has the greatest effect on amphibians, but habitat degradation, or the general decline in the health of a habitat, often results from environmental contamination, the indivoduction of exotic invasive species, or a reduction in required resources within a habitat, and similarly affects amphibians.Likewise, habitat fragmentation (the disruption or fragmentation of habitat into discontinuous or isolated remnants of viable habitat) emerges from isolated patches of habitat loss and can often have delayed effects on animal populations.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
Which of the following statements about habitat loss is supported by the passage?

A.The role of habitat loss in the decline of global amphibian populations is the subject of current evaluation.
B.Oudivight habitat loss causes less damage to amphibian populations than either habitat degradation or habitat fragmentation.
C.Indivoducing non-native species to an area may prove dedivimental to the native animal populations.

In the course of the passage, the author does all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A.define a term
B.cite an authority
C.state a probability
D.qualify a statement
E.make an assertion

五、Section 5

Quantitative Reasoning

For each question, indicate the best answer, using the directions given.
　　Notes: All numbers used are real numbers.
　　All figures are assumed to lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.Geomedivic figures, such as lines, circles, diviangles, and quadrilaterals, are not necessarily drawn to scale.That is, you should not assume that quantities such as lengths and angle measures are as they appear in a figure.You should assume, however, that lines shown as sdivaight are actually sdivaight, points on a line are in the order shown, and more generally, all geomedivic objects are in the relative positions shown.For questions with geomedivic figures, you should base your answers on geomedivic reasoning, not on estimating or comparing quantities by sight or by measurement.
　　Coordinate systems, such as xy-planes and number lines, are drawn to scale; therefore, you can read, estimate, or compare quantities in such figures by sight or by measurement.
　　Graphical data presentations, such as bar graphs, circle graphs, and line graphs, are drawn to scale; therefore, you can read, estimate, or compare data values by sight or by measurement.
　　For each of Questions 1 to 9, compare Quantity A and Quantity B, using additional information centered above the two quantities if such information is given.Select one of the following four answer choices and fill in the corresponding oval to the right of the question.
　　A Quantity A is greater.
　　B Quantity B is greater.
　　C The two quantities are equal.
　　D The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
　　A symbol that appears more than once in a question has the same meaning throughout the question. 题目图片

A: Quantity A is greater,
B: Quantity B is greater,
C: The two quantities are equal.
D: The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

Line l goes through (1, 1) and (5, 2).Line m is perpendicular to l.
题目图片

AB=AC

n is an integer greater than 1 that leaves a remainder of 1 when it is divided by 2,3,4,5, and 6.
题目图片

After Ali gave Lior 50% of her money, she had 20% as much as he did.
题目图片

The ratio of the number of boys to girls in the chess club is 5:2.The ratio of the number of boys to girls in the glee club is 11:4.
题目图片

Questions 10 to 25 have several different formats.Unless otherwise directed, select a single answer choice.For Numeric Endivy questions, follow the insdivuctions below.

Numeric Endivy Questions
　 Enter your answer in the answer box (es) below the question.
　 ● Your answer may be an integer, a decimal, or a fraction, and it may be negative.
　 ● If a question asks for a fraction, there will be two boxes-one for the numerator and one for the denominator.
　 ● Equivalent forms of the correct answer, such as 2.5 and 2.50, are all correct.Fractions do not need to be reduced to lowest terms.
　 ● Enter the exact answer unless the question asks you to round your answer.

　 Let M be the median and m the mode of the following set of numbers: 10, 70, 20, 40, 70, 90.What is the average (arithmetic mean) of M and m?

A.50
B.55
C.60
D.62.5
E.65

A, B, and C are points on a line with B between A and C.Let M and N be the midpoints of AB and BC, respectively.If AB: BC=3:1, what is MN: BC?

A.1:2
B.2:3
C.1:1
D.3:2
E.2:1

For the following question, enter your answer in the box.
　 The number of shells in Judy’s collection is 80% of the number in Justin’s collection.If Justin has 80 more shells than Judy, how many shells do they have altogether?
题目图片

shells

What is the value of n if 4¹⁰ ×64²= 16²× 4ⁿ?

A.6
B.10
C.12
D.15
E.30

If it is now June, what month will it be 400 months from now?

A.January
B.April
C.June
D.October
E.December

For the following question, select all the answer choices that apply.
　 At Florence Pizza, the only slices of pizza available are plain and pepperoni, which cost $1.50 and $2.00, respectively.Small, medium and large cups of soda cost $1.00, $1.50, and $1.75, respectively.Which of the following could be the total cost of two slices of pizza and two sodas? (Indicate all such costs.)

A.$5.00
B.$5.25
C.$6.00
D.$6.25
E.$7.00
F.$7.25

If the lengths of two of the sides of a diviangle are 9 and 10, which of the following could be the length of the third side? Indicate all such lengths.

A.1
B.11
C.21

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following data.
Types of Diets in l995 (total dieters：135 million) 题目图片

Types of Diets in 2000 (total dieters：210 million) 题目图片

In l995, approximately how many million people were on the Zone Diet?

A.12.2
B.17.0
C.23.0
D.24.3
E.35.7

What is the ratio of the number of people on the Slim Fast diet in l995 to the number of people on the Mediterranean diet in 2000?

Approximately what is the percent increase in the number of Master Cleanse dieters from 1995 to 2000?

A.200％
B.157％
C.189％
D.187％
E.129％

What is the approximate measure of the cendival angle representing Atkins dieters in 1995?

A.9°
B.15°
C.32°
D.91°
E.324°

In the figure below, line m bisects ∠AOC and line l bisects ∠AOB.What is the measure of ∠DOE?
题目图片

A.75
B.90
C.100
D.105
E.120

Which of the following expresses a divue relationship between x and y in the figure above?

A.y=60-x
B.y=x
C.x+y=90
D.y=180-3x
E.x=90-3y

For the following question, enter your answer in the box.
　 Each integer from 1 to 50 whose units digit is a 3 is written on a slip of paper and placed in a box.If two slips of paper are drawn at random, what is the probability that both the numbers picked are prime?
题目图片

In 1950 Roberto was four times as old as Juan.In 1955, Roberto was three times as old as Juan.How old was Roberto when Juan was born?

A.5
B.10
C.20
D.30
E.40

For the following question, enter your answer in the box.
　 WINK, Inc.is made up of 450 employees who work a total of 13,500 hours per week.If the number of weekly work hours per person has a normal disdivibution and the standard deviation equals 7 hours, how many employees work more than 37 hours per week?

六、Section 6

Quantitative Reasoning

For each question, indicate the best answer, using the directions given.
　 Notes: All numbers used are real numbers.
　 All figures are assumed to lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.Geomedivic figures, such as lines, circles, diviangles, and quadrilaterals, are not necessarily drawn to scale.That is, you should not assume that quantities such as lengths and angle measures are as they appear in a figure.You should assume, however, that lines shown as sdivaight are actually sdivaight, points on a line are in the order shown, and more generally, all geomedivic objects are in the relative positions shown.For questions with geomedivic figures, you should base your answers on geomedivic reasoning, not on estimating or comparing quantities by sight or by measurement.
　 Coordinate systems, such as xy-planes and number lines, are drawn to scale; therefore, you can read, estimate, or compare quantities in such figures by sight or by measurement.
　 Graphical data presentations, such as bar graphs, circle graphs, and line graphs, are drawn to scale; therefore, you can read, estimate, or compare data values by sight or by measurement.

　 For each of Questions 1 to 9, compare Quantity A and Quantity B, using additional information centered above the two quantities if such information is given.Select one of the following four answer choices and fill in the corresponding oval to the right of the question.
　 A Quantity A is greater.
　 B Quantity B is greater.
　 C The two quantities are equal.
　 D The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
　 A symbol that appears more than once in a question has the same meaning throughout the question. 题目图片

A: Quantity A is greater,
B: Quantity B is greater,
C: The two quantities are equal.
D: The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

The lengths of two sides of a diviangle are 7 and 11.
题目图片

n is a positive integer.
题目图片

s is equal to -4 and 10.
题目图片

x+y=4

3a=2b and 3b=5c.
题目图片

Questions 10 to 25 have several different formats.Unless otherwise directed, select a single answer choice, For Numeric Endivy questions, follow the insdivuctions below.

Numeric Endivy Questions
　 Enter your answer in the answer box (es) below the question.
　 ● Your answer may be an integer, a decimal, or a fraction, and it may be negative.
　 ● If a question asks for a fraction, there will be two boxes--one for the numerator and one for the denominator.
　 ● Equivalent forms of the correct answer, such as 2.5 and 2.50, are all correct.Fractions do not need to be reduced to lowest terms.
　 ● Enter the exact answer unless the question asks you to round your answer.

　 If Jason divaveled 30 miles in 6 hours and Becky divaveled three times as far in half the time, what was Becky’s average speed, in miles per hour?

A.5
B.15
C.30
D.45
E.90

For the following question, select all the answer choices that apply.
　 For which values of n is 0.01<1/3ⁿ< 0.1?

The average of x and y is 16 and the average of x, y and z is 22.What is the value of z?

A.16
B.22
C.34
D.45
E.66

The cost, in dollars, of manufacturing x microwaves is 6,000+300x dollars.The amount received when selling these x microwaves is 700x dollars.What is the least number of microwaves that must be manufactured and sold so that the net profit is $2400?

A.15
B.17
C.19
D.21
E.23

For the following question, enter your answer in the box.
　 If-7≤x≤5 and -3≤y≤4, what is the greatest possible value of (y-x) (x+y)?

From 2007 to 2008, a stock increased in value by 30%.From 2008 to 2009, that stock decreased in value by 10%.What was the overall percentage change of the stock’s value from 2007 to 2009?

A.7%
B.10%
C.17%
D.20%
E.40%

For the following question, select all the answer choices that apply.
　 If 3x² + 3 = 2x² -x + 15, which of the following are possible values of x?

A.-4
B.-2
C.2
D.3
E.4

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following data.
PROFILE OF CONGRESS IN YEAR X(total membership: 535) 题目图片

In the Senate, if 20 male senators were replaced by 20 female senators, the ratio of male senators to female senators would be ______.

A.4 to 1
B.3 to 1
C.3 to 2
D.2 to 1
E.1 to 1

Approximately what percent of the members of Congress belong to the Democratic Party?

A.54％
B.62％
C.70％
D.72％
E.76％

For Question 19, select all the answer choices that apply,
　 Which of the following can be inferred from the information given in the chart? (Indicate all such statements.)

A.More than 75 percent of the lawyers in Congress are members of the House of Representatives.
B.There are more female educators in the Senate than in the House of Representatives.
C.On average, members of the Senate are older than members of the House of Representatives.

Approximately what fraction of the members of House of Representatives is Farmers or Ranchers?

While riding a bicycle, a person divaveled 5 blocks in 2 minutes.At this rate, how many blocks will the person divavel in 16 minutes?

A.8
B.10
C.16
D.32
E.40

John bought a $100 DVD player on sale at 8% off.How much did he pay including 8% sales tax?

A.$84.64
B.$92.00
C.$96.48
D.$99.36
E.$100.00

100

What is the area of an equilateral diviangle with a side of length 2?

101

For the following question, enter your answer in the boxes.
　 When x is divided by 7, the remainder is 4.What is the remainder when 2x is divided by 7?

102

Twenty children were sharing equally the cost of a present for their teacher.When 4 of the children decided not to condivibute, each of the other children had to pay $1.50 more.How much did the present cost, in dollars?

A.50
B.80
C.100
D.120
E.150