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2023年全国英语竞赛《B类英语专业》初赛试题（网友回忆版）

B类英语专业 历年真题 共 59 题 3354 次浏览 更新于 2026-09-26
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二、Part Ⅱ　Vocabulary

15 marks

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There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Londoners have been journeying south _____ Brighton for almost 250 years, ever since a doctor claimed that bathing in and drinking the local sea water was therapeutic.
  • A.through
  • B.around
  • C.to
  • D.in
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The TV networks believe that the period between 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. is the _____ television viewing time.
  • A.prime
  • B.primitive
  • C.primary
  • D.principle
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The pressure _____ causes Japanese to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
  • A.competing
  • B.to compete
  • C.to be competed
  • D.having competed
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“For all good poetry is the spontaneous flow of powerful feelings” was put forward by_____.
  • A.Robert Burns
  • B.William Blake
  • C.William Wordsworth
  • D.Charles Lamb
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Oxford University is an _____ of over 35 colleges, varying in _____ of foundation from medieval times to recent years.
  • A.entity; size
  • B.organization; manner
  • C.integrity; form
  • D.association; date
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_____ is a grammatical category used for the analysis of word classes displaying such contrasts as masculine/feminine/neuter, animate/inanimate, etc.
  • A.Gender
  • B.Case
  • C.Number
  • D.Mood
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If you want a shop to keep something for you until later, you may have to _____.
  • A.give a discount
  • B.give a refund
  • C.open an account
  • D.pay a deposit
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But we have to acknowledge that, for some people, religious identity is such an important part of their lives that it may _____ everything else.
  • A.overcome
  • B.transcend
  • C.excel
  • D.predominate
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An investigation was carried out on the admission rate of the children in the south area, _____ were surprising.
  • A.which results
  • B.the results of which
  • C.as the results
  • D.the results of theirs
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There is already growing evidence, on the basis of ongoing research, that some crop yields are declining _____ climate change.
  • A.on account of
  • B.with regard to
  • C.in spite of
  • D.by means of
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If you perform a service or _____ a commodity for others, you should be _____ for your pains.
  • A.compose; gratified
  • B.fabricate; fulfilled
  • C.produce; rewarded
  • D.originate; benefited
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We’re older now and we shouldn’t really still be _____ a grudge towards on another.
  • A.yielding
  • B.directing
  • C.bearing
  • D.cherishing
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Helen’s parents wanted her to give up writing, but she _____ and went on to become a famous writer.
  • A.carried coals to Newcastle
  • B.cost an arm and a leg
  • C.called a spade a spade
  • D.dug in her heels
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Erwin: How much did you pay for it?
Dennis: 200 bucks.
Erwin: 200 bucks for a piece of junk like that? That’s a rip-off!
Dennis: What do you mean?
Erwin: _____
Dennis: Oh. I guess I really did get ripped off.
  • A.It’s not worth it.
  • B.That’s the best I can offer.
  • C.It just slipped my mind.
  • D.I’m kind of broke.
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Niles: When are you gonna take your vacation?
Gloria: I was planning to take it at the end of this month. My husband and I haven’t had a chance to have a vacation over the past three years. So we’re planning to travel to Europe this time. Why! Has something come up?
Niles: Well, would it be too inconvenient for you to wait until next month?
Gloria: Hm ... not really. _____, but I’ve got to talk about it with my husband.
Niles: Thank you very much. I really appreciate your being so flexible.
  • A.I wish I could get away for a while
  • B.I think I’ll just need a break
  • C.I guess I can put it off until next month
  • D.You really scared the heck out of me

三、Part Ⅲ　Cloze

10 marks

Section A (5 marks)
Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of 5 words or phrases out of the 7 given in the box. Write the answers on the answer sheet.
lie; what; warn; understand; success; it; consecution
The technique for making your brain work well for you rather than against you is to apply advanced forms of positive thinking. Negative thinking, or a negative ‘mental set’, quite simply and obviously programmes your brain to work against (41)_____ and you. There is also a danger, often experienced but seldom (42) _____, that positive thinking can produce a negative result. Consider the following example: A golfer shoots into a water-hole of a certain course in three (43)_____ matches. Knowing about the functions of his upper and lower brain, he decides to take some positive action, and programmes himself not to go into the same water-hole next time. He spends months programming himself this way, gets to the same part of the course for the fifth time, and to his amazement and discouragement goes straight into the water-hole again. Why? The reason (44)_____ in the subtlety of the brain, and the necessity for great care in self-programming. What the unfortunate golfer was unwittingly doing was programming both his brain and his body to concentrate almost entirely, on the water-hole, rather than on his real goal, which was the far side. In other words, he was putting a positive on to a negative, and constantly, although unwittingly, expanding the negative. (45)_____ is essential in positive thinking is to programme a positive on to a positive.
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Section B (5 marks)
Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word(s), or by using the given letter(s) of the word. Write the answers on the answer sheet.
For Egyptian farmers and fishermen, the Nile is not just a beautiful view. It is a gift, without (46)_____ there could be no Egypt, only a scorched wasteland. In a country which does not receive much rainfall, the river is their livelihood. It covers only four percent of the country but its banks are where almost all of the 67 million Egyptians live. The Nile irrigates corn crops and citrus orchards, and (47) pro_____ water for herds of cows and for doing the laundry. Its seasons are the rhythms of the Egyptian way of life; when it floods every July, locals move to (48)_____ (high) ground until it subsides three months later.
The waters of the Nile flow for nearly seven thousand kilometres, from the jungles of Uganda through the deserts of Sudan to arrive at Cairo, Africa's largest city. For (49) cen_____ no one knew where it began, and the whereabouts of its source was a legend and a quest—a dangerous one, as the Nile contains crocodiles—and intruders into the heart of Africa were often not welcomed (50)_____ the natives. The source was finally discovered in the mid-nineteenth century.
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四、Part Ⅳ　RC

30 marks（Reading Comprehension）

There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by several questions. Respond to the questions using information from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
Section A (10 marks)
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
One of the most important tasks in marketing a new product is giving it a name. In terms of marketing, the quality of a product is not as important as the quality of the name it is given. This is because marketing is not about the product; it is about selling the product. Marketers use strategies such as attractive packaging, catchy slogans, and other gimmicks to convince consumers to buy their product. The most powerful marketing strategy, however, is giving a product a powerful name.
(51)_____ In the early days of computers, there were several competing brands on the market, including Apple Ⅱ, Commodore Pet, IMSAI 8080, MITS Altair8800, and Radio Shack TRS-80. In those days, most buyers knew very little about computers, so they were not able to judge the quality of one over the other. As a result, they rejected the computers with complex names. Instead, they chose the brand that invoked familiar ideas. They chose, of course, Apple Ⅱ.
The name must also be easy to pronounce. If customers can’t pronounce the name of a product, they won’t buy it. A short name is easier to remember and to pronounce. According to research done by Strategic Name Development consultants, the best names have three or fewer syllables, such as Tums (antacid tablets), Xerox (copiers), or Cheerios (cereal). Many well-known names are longer, of course, such as Energizer (batteries) and Coca Cola (soft drinks), so length is not the only factor.
(52)_____ It shouldn’t sound like the name of any other product, especially competing product. Shoppers tend to confuse Breyer’s Ice Cream with Dreyer’s Ice Cream and Role (watches) with Rolodex (desk indexes), for example.
In addition, an effective name should hint at what the product is used for. For example, Sleepeez is a sleeping medication and Windex is a window cleaner. A name should also be appropriate for the type of product it represents. Names of medicines should sound medical, names of foods should sound tasty, and names of domestic cleaning products should sound hard-working.
(53)_____Sometimes, the product name sounds like another descriptive word that has a positive meaning. The pain reliever Aleve, for example, sounds like “relieve.” Band-Aid (a small plastic bandage) includes the word “aid.” Frequently, names of products aimed at high-income consumers implicitly advertise luxury. Consider the names of these cruise ship companies: Crystal, Princess, Royal Caribbean, and Celebrity.
(54)_____ A survey administered by the above consultants asked English speakers about their reactions to various letters of the alphabet. The results showed that people associate the letters C, S, and B with something traditional, but associate the letters Q, V, X and Z with something innovative. Additionally, people in the survey associated certain letters with one sex or the other. They considered the letters F, L, V, and W feminine, but the letters M, X and Z masculine. It is not clear how those surveyed might react to the automobile names Volvo, Mazda, or Lexus.
Marketers must also consider how a product name will translate in other languages if the product is exported. When the Chevrolet Nova automobile was exported to Argentina in the 1970s, some people predicted that it would sell poorly because in Spanish the two words “Nova” mean “It doesn’t go.” Fortunately, “nova” (a bright star) is the same word in both Spanish and English.
(55)_____ Many words have an implicit message as well as an explicit meaning. Why, for example, has no car manufacturer named a car the Elephant? Elephants are big, strong, and dependable, but they are also slow-moving, fat, and eat a lot. There used to be a weight-loss product called Aids. It disappeared once AIDS became a serious illness worldwide.
Once the right name is chosen, advertisements are widely published to introduce the new product to the buying public. Only time will tell if the important marketing decisions made earlier will be effective in selling the product.
Questions 51—55
Choose from the sentences A—G the one which best fits each gap of 51—55. There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.
A. The letters within names are important, too.
B. A name must not generate negative associations in the minds of consumers.
C. To be powerful, the name must be easy to remember.
D. A product name should be unique.
E. An attractive name helps convince consumers to buy a product.
F. An effective name also includes words, or parts of words, that are positive and inviting.
G. Corporations put forth great effort to find the right name for a new product.
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Section B (10 marks)
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
In an experiment conducted in the United States during the height of the Vietnam War, researchers arranged for an actor to dress up as a protestor and attend a number of anti-war demonstrations. The actor’s task was to pretend to become very ill during the protest, and request assistance to see how other protestors would react. Generally, the other protestors were very quick to assist the man to a first-aid station, and often even agreed to pay his bus fare so he could return home. Later, the researchers gave the actor a haircut, dressed him in conservative clothing, and handed him a pro-government sign to take to other anti-war demonstrations. When the actor pretended to be severely ill in these circumstances, the peace protestors were far less willing to come to his aid, despite his requests for help. Now, it seemed, he was no longer ‘one of them’.
One unfortunate aspect of human character is the tendency to be biased against people who belong to different racial, religious, political and social groups. Researchers have found that people feel positive emotions such as admiration, sympathy and trust more easily for those categorized as being like them, and are quicker to feel negative emotions like suspicion and distrust when dealing with outsiders. Unfortunately, this bias has been documented in cultures all round the world, suggesting that this tendency might be hard-wired in the brain. In early human history, threats to our safety typically came from outsiders such as people from neighbouring tribes. Though this instinct may have served humanity well in the distant past, in modern society it can interfere with maintaining peace and international cooperation. Even in multi-cultural societies, such as those found in North America and Europe, people tend to naturally segregate themselves according to race, nationality, and other broad group categories. There are exceptions, of course, but for most people their friends tend to be very much like themselves.
This instinct to form groups and reject outsiders is the basis of stereotyping and prejudice. Stereotyping of those outside our group prevents us from seeing the individual. Once this occurs, it is easy to make assumptions that have a high probability of being false and grossly unfair. Stereotypes like ‘people from country X are thieves’ or ‘people from country Y are selfish and rude’, serve to put negative labels on outsiders, which can make discrimination seem justified. Once established, stereotypes are reinforced through confirmation bias; we see only the evidence which supports our assumptions. When we meet someone who does not fit a particular stereotype, we try to explain it away as an unusual exception or simply ignore it. People who hold negative beliefs about a particular group can be surprised to find that, once they stop to think about it, very few of the people they actually know from that group come even close to matching the stereotypes.
There is also some evidence that an individual’s self-esteem is a factor in promoting prejudice. One study manipulated the self-esteem of participants by randomly giving them very high or very low scores on an IQ test. Next, the researchers asked the participants to evaluate two people in what the participants thought was an unrelated study. One of the people to be evaluated was of the same race as the participants, while the other was of a different race. Those whose self-esteem was boosted by the fake IQ test results gave both candidates similar scores, while those whose self-esteem had been diminished gave much lower evaluation scores to the person from a different race. The researchers concluded that prejudice was used as a way of maintaining self-esteem. Indeed, subsequent research found that just getting people to engage in activities which improve their self-esteem results in a reduction in negative views towards outside groups.
Saint Exupery once wrote, ‘If I differ from you, far from wronging you, I enhance you.’ Certainly there is nothing wrong with enjoying the company of people who belong to your own national, racial and social groups. However, people who limit themselves to the familiar are in turn limited in how much they can learn and grow. Exposure to new ideas results from communicating with people who come from different backgrounds and have different perspectives on life. We have much to gain by overcoming the natural instinct to prefer our own kind, whilst distrusting those we know less well. In fact, the future of our species on this planet may depend on it.
Questions 56 to 60
Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage.
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Why were the first group of protesters more likely to help the actor?
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What does the phrase hard-wired in the brain in the second paragraph mean?
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In what way are people’s stereotypes reinforced?
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How can people lower their prejudice towards outsiders according to the passage?
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Please paraphrase the quote ‘If I differ from you, far from wronging you, I enhance you.’ in the last paragraph.
Section C (10 marks)
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.题目图片　　When Ruth Redding, an account manager, was sent on a management training course to improve her relationships with her colleagues by learning how to communicate with them more effectively, she found herself talking to a horse instead of being asked to address her boss or her peers. In fact, during the course, which was organised by Manchester University Business School, Redding was asked to stand in a pen to whisper to an animal and communicate in a non-aggressive way. This form of communication, which is the subject of the best-selling novel The Horse Whisperer, later filmed with Robert Redford in the starring role, might appear bizarre on a stud farm (种马场), let alone a management training course. But horse whispering is among a number of unusual activities now being used to teach staff about every aspect of working life, from self-confidence to communication.
　　In the 1980s and 1990s, it became fashionable to dump executives on a remote mountainside, or windswept Scottish isle, and leave them to survive a weekend in order to develop initiative, build team spirit and promote leadership skills. An alternative to the classic ‘chalk and talk’ format, with lecturer and obedient staff seated round a table, it all seemed wild and rather outlandish (别开生面的).
　　Today, by comparison, it looks increasingly tame. A new generation of management training gurus (大师) are adopting a different approach. In Italy, stressed executives have been dressing up as gladiators (角斗士) to confront each other as their ancestors did, and in America, sales-people are herding cattle, while in Britain one supermarket reportedly put its executives in Native American teepees (圆锥形帐篷) for a weekend to develop a spirit of co-operation. Naturally, the originators of these new courses claim to have respectable psychological theories to back them up.
　　Tudor Rickards, a professor at Manchester, was intrigued when he heard about the work done by the famous horse whisperer. Mostly Roberts. ‘The idea is that instead of “breaking” the horse, you co-operate with it. Traditionally, you would coax a horse into a box and then reward it by slamming the door shut. Monty leads the horse in and out of the box anti offers it a reward,’ explains Professor Rickards. ‘Monty’s approach is founded on the recognition of a horse’s instinctive desire to be part of the herd.’ he matched this with research from the Industrial Society, which revealed that often the difference between a successful and an unsuccessful leader is trust. ‘As they observe the way horses react to certain behaviour, participants think about how they themselves or other colleagues react to different management styles,’ explains Professor Rickards. ‘The discussion often leads to one about experiences of bullying and abusive behaviour, a discussion that might not otherwise surface in a leadership course. We’ve found this helps the participants draw fine distinctions between being tough, being assertive, being supportive and being soft.’
　　Team building is also the aim of murder mystery days run by a company called Corporate Pursuits. Actors mingle with participants and play out a scene until someone is found ’murdered’ Clues, such as photographs, personal items or a secret message, are arranged around the room, and small teams, often pitted against each other, will work to solve the mystery under the gaze of trained observers.题目图片　　Although fun and a sense of release is important, managing director Mandie Chester-Bristow admits that this type of corporate Cluedo occasionally meets with scepticism among clients. ‘On one occasion, people were messing around and not taking it seriously at all, so I had to say to them, “You’re behaving like a bunch of school children.”’ Another challenge can be reporting the observers’ findings. ‘We would never say, “You are failed,” if they didn’t identify the murderer correctly. Instead, we would praise them for the progress they made and how they worked together as a team.’
　　‘There are lots of gimmicks (招式) in training and headline-grabbing courses at the moment, but what they deliver is often variable,’ says Nick Isles of the Industrial Society. ‘People often say afterwards that they enjoyed the event, but it’s very difficult to measure how much they’ve actually learned from it.’ He argues that ongoing training in the workplace, or courses that last months, are a better way of improving aspects of business such as productivity and customer service.
Questions 61 to 65
Complete the summary below with information from the passage, using no more than three words for each blank.
Ruth Redding was participating in a training programme called (61)_____, which was becoming more popular despite its eccentricity. In the late 1990s, management training techniques were regarded as (62)_____. The creators of modern management training schemes are convinced of their effectiveness based on (63)_____. Research carried out by Tudor Rickards and the Industrial Society showed that the key element of a successful leadership lies in (64)_____. Nick Isles, however, holds an opinion that alternative courses can be a (65)_____ of improving management ability.
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五、Part Ⅴ　Translation

15 marks

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Section A (5 marks)
Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write the answers on the answer sheet.
“Hearth and home”, a symbol of traditional family values and home life, was a phrase commonly on men’s lips in times past until about fifty years ago. Why is it now so little—if at all—used? And what are the implications of this? It is hardly too much to say that in almost the whole of mankind’s history—from the very earliest times to the most recent period—the hearth (火炉) was the most significant center of the human home. From cave to house to castle to mansion, a fire has been the warm heart of every household.
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Section B (10 marks)
Translate the following paragraph into English. Write the answers on the answer sheet.
在校园里，随着体育课课时持续增加，更多青年学生既在课堂上课，也在操场上进行体育运动。超过3700万名农村义务教育学生受惠于政府开展的学生营养改善计划，身体素质得到明显提升。2018年，14岁至19岁青年学生体质达标测试合格率达92%，优良率持续上升。在社区中，青年积极参加群众性体育运动，例如跑步、游泳和各项球类运动。

六、Part Ⅵ　EC

10 marks（Error Correction）

There are 10 errors altogether in the following passage. The errors are: missing words, unnecessary words and wrong words. Please correct them as follows: for a missing word, mark its position with the symbol “∧” and write it; for an unnecessary word, cross it out with the symbol “\”; for a wrong word, underline it and write the correct word. An example of how to correct the error is provided below. Write the answers on the answer sheet.题目图片题目图片
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七、Part Ⅶ　IQ Test

10 marks

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There are five IQ Test questions in this part. Write the answers on the answer sheet.
Put the underlined words in the right order to complete the conversation.
　A: Will you marry him?
　B: I wouldn’t marry him were alive if last the man he.
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Which set of letters is the odd one out?
题目图片
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A test was taken by 60 students and was scored on a scale from 0 to 100. Only 21 students scored higher than or equal to 80. What is the lowest possible average score of all 60 students?
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What number should logically replace the question mark?
题目图片
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Which shape on should replace the question mark?
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八、Part Ⅷ　Writing

30 marks

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Section A (10 marks)
Is college worth it? Look at the diagram below and make a note of the main point of each section. Write a report based on the information shown in the diagram. Write at least 120 words on the answer sheet.
题目图片
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Section B (20 marks)
Write about the following topic:
Privacy allows you to live your life without unwanted attention from others. Your privacy is violated when someone—a neighbour, a salesperson, an email spammer—learn too much about you or what are you doing. Opponents of automated face recognition and other security technology say it threatens personal privacy. Supporters of the technology say that some violations of privacy are necessary to make society safe. The controversy is about priorities: Is public security more important than personal privacy?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write an essay in at least 160 words on the answer sheet.