2022年10月全国高等教育自学考试《英语（二）》试题（网友回忆版）

解析根据第一段 “Generations of children, especially minority kids, have been educated according to the theory that low self-esteem, and that deficiency is central to any problems they may have in making their way in the world.” 可知，按照相关理论，几代孩子，尤其是少数族裔的孩子，一直被教育认为低自尊以及这种缺陷是他们在社会上立足时可能遇到的任何问题的核心。这表明人们认为少数族裔孩子常常存在自尊问题，所以 “It is believed that minority kids often have self-esteem problem.” 这句话是正确的，答案选 A。

解析从第二段 “A new research has found that self-esteem can be just as high among grade D students and drunk drivers as it is among Nobel Prize winners and former presidents. In fact, people with high self-esteem can engage in far more anti - social behavior than those with low self-esteem.” 以及 “‘We used to believe that high self-esteem would cause all sorts of positive consequences and that if we raised self-esteem, people would be better in life,’ a researcher said. ‘Mostly, the data have failed to support that.’” 可知，新的研究发现低成就者（如 D 等成绩学生和酒驾者）和高成就者（如诺贝尔奖获得者和前总统）的自尊可能一样高，且高自尊的人可能会有更多反社会行为，数据也不支持高自尊会带来各种积极后果以及提升自尊人们生活就会更好的观点，所以 “ A new research shows that high self-esteem is essential to success.”（一项新的研究表明高自尊对成功至关重要）这句话是错误的，答案选 B。

解析文章中只是讨论了自尊与成功、反社会行为等方面的关系，以及在教育领域自尊的情况，并没有提及父母对孩子自尊的责任问题，所以 “Parents are responsible for their children’s self-esteem.” 这句话未提及，答案选 C。

解析依据第二段 “In fact, people with high self-esteem can engage in far more anti - social behavior than those with low self-esteem.” 可知，实际上，高自尊的人比低自尊的人可能会有更多的反社会行为，这说明反社会行为与高自尊有关，而不是低自尊，所以 “Anti - social behavior is related to low self-esteem.” 这句话是错误的，答案选 B。

解析根据第二段 “Racists, street thugs（恶棍）and school bullies（恶霸）all have high scores on the self-esteem tests.” 可知，种族主义者在自尊测试中得分都很高，即他们有高自尊，而不是低自尊，所以 “Racists have low self-esteem.” 这句话是错误的，答案选 B。

解析由第二段 “If you think you’re highly gifted, you’re particularly offended if other people don’t treat you that way.” 可知，如果你认为自己极有天赋（即高自尊），当别人不那样对待你时，你会特别生气，也就是高自尊的人更容易被伤害，所以 “People with high self-esteem are hurt more easily.” 这句话是正确的，答案选 A。

解析文章主要围绕自尊在不同人群中的情况以及在教育方面的问题展开，没有提到大学生面临高经济压力的内容，所以 “College students are faced with high economic pressure.” 这句话未提及，答案选 C。

解析从第三段 “College teachers are constantly complaining about the high self-esteem of their students.” 可知，大学教师一直抱怨学生的高自尊，“annoyed with” 表示 “对…… 感到烦恼”，与 “complaining about” 意思相近，所以 “College teachers are often annoyed with students’ high self-esteem.” 这句话是正确的，答案选 A。

解析根据第三段 “When every grade in the school is assessed so as to make the kid feel good rather than give an accurate measure of his work, the kid can develop self-esteem dangerously unrelated to truth.” 可知，当学校的每个成绩评定都是为了让孩子感觉良好而不是准确衡量他们的学习时，孩子会形成与事实严重不符的自尊，所以高分数并不能帮助学生了解自己的真实情况，“High grades help students know the truth of themselves.” 这句话是错误的，答案选 B。

解析依据第三段 “When he’s told he is getting a C grade in college, he can then get deeply offended, or extremely angry.” 可知，当大学生被告知自己得了 C 等成绩时，他们可能会深感被冒犯或极其愤怒，所以 “Some college students may find a C grade offending.” 这句话是正确的，答案选 A。

解析根据第一段 “Recently, however, more and more farmers have been returning to organic farming.” 可知，近年来越来越多的农民开始回归有机农业，这意味着有机农业在近年来变得更受欢迎了。A 选项 “started in the 1950s”（始于 20 世纪 50 年代），文中提到在 20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代农民开始使用化肥和杀虫剂，而有机农业在几千年的人类文明中就存在，并非始于 20 世纪 50 年代，所以 A 错误；B 选项 “had a short history”（历史短暂），由 “During thousands of years of human civilization, the raising of animals and growing of plants have always been organic.” 可知，有机农业有着悠久的历史，所以 B 错误；D 选项 “was promoted by World War II”（由第二次世界大战推动），文中说的是第二次世界大战后化学物质开始广泛使用，而不是有机农业由二战推动，所以 D 错误。C 选项 “has become popular in recent years”（近年来变得流行）符合文意，所以选 C。

解析根据第二段 “Animals are fed organically and can eat grass outdoors. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures (草场) and fields.” 可知，在有机农业中，动物以有机方式饲养并且可以在户外吃草，比如奶牛被养在牧场和田野里，这意味着奶牛可以在田野里四处走动。B 选项 “natural enemies of pests are scarce”（害虫的天敌稀少），文中提到 “They rely on the natural enemies of pests to control pests.”，说明害虫的天敌并不稀少，所以 B 错误；C 选项 “chemicals are used to kill pests”（使用化学物质来杀死害虫），有机农业禁止使用化学肥料、杀虫剂和生长激素，所以 C 错误；D 选项 “machines are used to pull out weeds”（使用机器来除草），文中说 “They pull out weeds by hand.”，是用手除草，而不是用机器，所以 D 错误。A 选项 “cows can move around in fields”（奶牛可以在田野里四处走动）符合文意，所以选 A。

解析根据第三段 “crop rotation can preserve the good qualities of soils. The growing of different crops can keep soils healthy and fertile.” 可知，“crop rotation” 能够保持土壤的优良品质，种植不同的作物可以让土壤保持健康和肥沃，由此可以推断 “crop rotation” 的意思是定期更换种植的作物。A 选项 “growing high - yielding crops”（种植高产作物），文中未提及高产作物，所以 A 错误；B 选项 “seasonal growing of crops”（季节性种植作物），重点强调的是季节性，而不是种植不同作物，所以 B 错误；C 选项 “planting soil - enriching crops”（种植使土壤肥沃的作物），没有体现出更换作物的意思，所以 C 错误；D 选项 “regular changing of crops”（定期更换作物）符合文意，所以选 D。

解析根据第三段 “In the long run, organic farms save energy and protect the environment. It can slow down global warming and reduce the pollution of ground water.” 可知，从长远来看，有机农业节省能源并且保护环境，它可以减缓全球变暖并减少对地下水的污染，这说明有机农业的一个优点是对环境友好。A 选项 “water - saving”（节水的），文中未提及有机农业节水的内容，所以 A 错误；B 选项 “labor - friendly”（对劳动力友好的），文中提到 “Production costs are higher as farmers need more workers”，说明有机农业需要更多劳动力，并非对劳动力友好，所以 B 错误；C 选项 “market - friendly”（对市场友好的），文中提到 “Marketing and distribution is not efficient because organic food is provided in smaller amount.”，说明有机农业在市场方面存在问题，并非对市场友好，所以 C 错误；D 选项 “environmentally - friendly”（对环境友好的）符合文意，所以选 D。

解析根据第四段 “Organic food is more expensive. Organic products may cost up to 40% more. Production costs are higher as farmers need more workers, and the land output is much less.” 可知，有机食品更贵，有机产品成本可能会高出 40%，因为农民需要更多工人，且土地产量少得多，所以生产成本更高，这是有机农业存在的问题。A 选项 “poor qualities of soils”（土壤质量差），文中提到有机农业通过轮作等方式能保持土壤的优良品质，所以 A 错误；C 选项 “the use of too much land”（使用太多土地），文中未提及使用土地过多的问题，所以 C 错误；D 选项 “the shortage of farm workers”（农场工人短缺），文中只是说需要更多工人，而不是工人短缺，所以 D 错误；B 选项 “high production costs”（高生产成本）符合文意，所以选 B。

解析第一段中提到 “Take a glass of honey with milk before you set out for your day in the morning, and you are guaranteed enough to get through the morning rush. Milk provides you the proteins required while honey helps you get the energy by breaking down these proteins.”，主要讲述了早上喝一杯蜂蜜牛奶能让人有足够的能量度过早上忙碌的时光，牛奶提供所需蛋白质，蜂蜜通过分解蛋白质帮助获取能量，所以该段主要说的是蜂蜜牛奶能提供能量，D 选项 “Honey milk for energy”（蜂蜜牛奶提供能量）符合段落大意。

解析第二段 “Milk is known for providing calcium (钙), which, in right levels, helps in preventing bone diseases as we age. Research has indicated that honey does a good job of carrying nutrients (营养成分) in the food through the blood to various parts of the body. In particular, honey helps in the absorption of calcium, the vital part of milk.” 指出牛奶富含钙，适量的钙有助于预防随着年龄增长而出现的骨骼疾病，并且蜂蜜有助于钙的吸收，所以该段重点是蜂蜜牛奶对强健骨骼的作用，C 选项 “Honey milk for strong bones”（蜂蜜牛奶有助于强健骨骼）符合段落大意。

解析第三段 “If you ask doctors or your grandmother for a solution to your sleeplessness, you are bound to get the same answer - a glass of warm milk with honey. It is best known to induce sleep. So take it regularly if you have sleeping problems.” 表明如果你向医生或祖母询问治疗失眠的方法，会得到喝一杯加蜂蜜的温牛奶这个答案，它最出名的作用是促进睡眠，所以该段主要说的是蜂蜜牛奶有助于良好的睡眠，E 选项 “Honey milk for a sound sleep”（蜂蜜牛奶有助于安稳睡眠）符合段落大意。

解析第四段 “Milk and honey not only help in preventing aging by keeping the skin glowing, but also improve your body as a whole as they contain antioxidants (抗氧化物). These help keep the body young and flexible. For a very long time, this has been an open secret in keeping your body look and feel young.” 提到牛奶和蜂蜜不仅能通过保持皮肤光泽来预防衰老，还能因为含有抗氧化物而整体改善身体状况，帮助保持身体年轻和灵活，所以该段主要讲的是蜂蜜牛奶能让人看起来更年轻有活力，B 选项 “Honey milk for a younger glow”（蜂蜜牛奶让你更年轻有活力）符合段落大意。

解析第五段 “Both milk and honey are known to ward off harmful bacteria in our body, but their combined strength is more effective in achieving this effect. Cough and cold can be prevented by taking this drink regularly. It also aids in digestion and treating bowel disorders.” 指出牛奶和蜂蜜都能抵御体内有害细菌，它们的组合在这方面更有效，还能预防咳嗽和感冒，以及有助于消化和治疗肠道疾病，所以该段主要说的是蜂蜜牛奶的抗菌益处，F 选项 “Honey milk for antibacterial benefits”（蜂蜜牛奶的抗菌益处）符合段落大意。

解析根据第二段 “Milk is known for providing calcium (钙)” 以及第一段 “Milk provides you the proteins required” 可知，牛奶富含蛋白质和钙，所以 “Milk is rich in ______.” 应填入 “proteins and calcium”，答案选 A。

解析由第四段 “Milk and honey not only help in preventing aging by keeping the skin glowing, but also improve your body as a whole as they contain antioxidants (抗氧化物). These help keep the body young and flexible. For a very long time, this has been an open secret in keeping your body look and feel young.” 可知，牛奶和蜂蜜有助于让你的身体看起来和感觉更年轻，所以 “Milk and honey help ______.” 应填入 “your body look and feel young”，答案选 D。

解析依据第二段 “Research has indicated that honey does a good job of carrying nutrients (营养成分) in the food through the blood to various parts of the body. In particular, honey helps in the absorption of calcium, the vital part of milk.” 可知，蜂蜜有助于钙的吸收，所以 “Honey helps the absorption ______.” 应填入 “of calcium”，答案选 F。

解析根据第四段 “For a very long time, this has been an open secret in keeping your body look and feel young.” 以及前面提到的牛奶和蜂蜜的作用可知，如果你喝牛奶和蜂蜜，你的身体可能看起来和感觉更年轻，所以 “Your body may look and feel young if you ______.” 应填入 “drink milk and honey”，答案选 E。

解析从第五段 “Both milk and honey are known to ward off harmful bacteria in our body, but their combined strength is more effective in achieving this effect. Cough and cold can be prevented by taking this drink regularly.” 可知，经常喝蜂蜜牛奶可以预防咳嗽和感冒，所以 “Drinking honey milk regularly can prevent ______.” 应填入 “cough and cold”，答案选 C。

解析前文提到作者睡不着觉，决定看书，后文说 “But even when I finished reading, I still didn't feel tired.”（但即使读完书，我还是不觉得累），E 选项 “I had never been awake at this time in the morning.”（我在早上这个时候从来没有醒着过），既说明了作者此时醒着的特殊情况（以前这个时候没醒着过），又能自然地引出后面读完书仍不觉得累的内容，符合语境，所以选 E。

解析前文说作者决定看书，接着提到 “But even when I finished reading, I still didn't feel tired.”，后面又说听音乐等其他助眠方法，C 选项 “I stopped reading to try to sleep.”（我停止阅读尝试入睡），很好地衔接了上文读完书的情节，以及下文尝试其他助眠方式的内容，所以选 C。

解析前文 “It felt strange to be awake while everyone else was asleep.”（当其他人都睡着的时候自己醒着感觉很奇怪），后文 “ In fact, it was a little big frightening.”（事实上，这有点吓人），A 选项 “The world seemed so quiet.”（世界似乎如此安静），在其他人都睡着的情况下，世界会显得很安静，这种安静的氛围会让人感觉奇怪甚至有点吓人，起到了承上启下的作用，所以选 A。

解析前文 “Normally, I'm a heavy sleeper.”（通常，我是个睡得很沉的人），后文 “So on this occasion, I consider myself lucky to see a beautiful sunrise.”（所以在这种情况下，我认为自己很幸运能看到美丽的日出），F 选项 “Finally, as I was lying there, I gave in.”（最后，当我躺在那里时，我放弃了（入睡的努力）），因为通常是个睡得很沉的人，这次却睡不着，最后放弃了入睡努力，才会有机会看到日出，符合逻辑，所以选 F。

解析前文 “Eventually, I just let my mind go free.”（最终，我只是让自己的思绪自由飘荡），后文 “I listened to the birdsong...and the next thing I knew it was 11 a.m.! I was happy that I had managed to get some sleep!”（我听着鸟鸣…… 然后我就知道已经是上午 11 点了！我很高兴自己终于睡了一会儿），B 选项 “After that, I got myself into sleep.”（在那之后，我进入了梦乡），“let my mind go free” 之后进入梦乡，然后听到鸟鸣醒来，符合情节发展，所以选 B。

解析根据语境 “It enriches those who, without making those who give poor.”，这里表达的是微笑使得到它的人丰富，而不会让给予微笑的人变穷，所以 “who” 引导的定语从句中缺少谓语动词，“receive” 表示 “得到；接受”，符合句子意思，即微笑使得到它的人丰富，所以选 G。

解析“It happens in a______”，这里需要一个名词，“flash” 有 “闪光；瞬间” 的意思，“in a flash” 是固定短语，意为 “一瞬间”，表示微笑发生在一瞬间，符合语境，所以选 F。

解析“and the memory of it sometimes.lasts______.”，这里需要一个副词来修饰 “lasts”，“forever” 表示 “永远”，“lasts forever” 表示 “永远持续”，即对微笑的记忆有时会永远持续，所以选 A。

解析“None are so rich that they can get along without it, and none so______but are richer for its benefits.”，根据 “and” 连接的并列结构以及 “rich” 可知，这里应填 “poor”，与 “rich” 相对应，意思是没有人富有到可以不需要微笑，也没有人贫穷到不能从微笑中获益而变得更富有，所以选 I。

解析“It creates______in the home”，这里需要一个名词作宾语，“happiness” 表示 “幸福；快乐”，微笑能在家里创造快乐，符合文意，所以选 C。

解析“It is rest to the weary (疲劳的), daylight to the ______ and sunshine to the sad.”，根据 “the weary” 和 “the sad” 可知，这里应填一个表示消极情绪的形容词，“discouraged” 表示 “气馁的；沮丧的”，微笑对疲劳的人是休息，对气馁的人是曙光，对悲伤的人是阳光，所以选 E。

解析“for it is something that is no earthly good to anybody till it is given______.”，“give away” 是固定短语，意为 “赠送；给予”，这里表示微笑直到被给予出去才对任何人有好处，所以选 B。

解析“And if in the last-minute rush of Christmas______”，“Christmas” 是 “圣诞节”，结合语境，这里应是 “Christmas buying”（圣诞节购物），表示在圣诞节最后一刻的购物匆忙中，所以选 K。

解析“some of our salespeople should be too______ to give you a smile”，“too...to...” 表示 “太…… 而不能……”，根据前文提到的 “in the last-minute rush”（在最后一刻的匆忙中）可知，销售人员可能因为太忙太累而不能给你微笑，“tired” 表示 “疲劳的”，所以选 H。

解析“may we______you to leave one of yours?”，这里需要一个动词，“ask sb. to do sth.” 表示 “要求某人做某事”，句子意思是我们可以要求你留下一个你的微笑吗，所以选 L。

解析(41).shown：此句时态为现在完成时，其结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，“show” 的过去分词是 “shown”，所以这里应填 “shown”，表示 “研究已经表明”。
(42).greater：根据语境，这里是将有朋友的孩子和没有朋友的孩子进行比较，有朋友的孩子幸福感更强，所以要用 “great” 的比较级 “greater”。
(43).playmates：“playmate” 是可数名词，意为 “玩伴”，根据 “more than just” 可知，这里表示不止一个玩伴，所以要用复数形式 “playmates”。
(44).morally：“and” 连接两个并列的词，“emotionally” 是副词 “情感上地”，所以这里也需要用 “moral” 的副词形式 “morally”，表示 “道德上地”，即友谊帮助孩子在情感和道德方面发展。
(45).social：“skills” 是名词，前面需要用形容词修饰，“society” 是名词 “社会”，其形容词形式 “social” 表示 “社会的；社交的”，“social skills” 意为 “社交技能”，所以这里填 “social”。
(46).controlling：“practice doing sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “练习做某事”，所以这里要用 “control” 的动名词形式 “controlling”。
(47).ability：“their” 是形容词性物主代词，后面要接名词，“able” 是形容词 “有能力的”，其名词形式 “ability” 表示 “能力”，“develop one's ability” 意为 “发展某人的能力”，所以这里填 “ability”。
(48).affects： 是动名词短语作主语，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，句子描述的是一般事实，时态为一般现在时，所以 “affect” 要用第三人称单数形式 “affects”。
(49).performance：“school” 是名词，这里需要一个名词与 “school” 搭配，“perform” 是动词 “表演；表现”，其名词形式 “performance” 表示 “表现；成绩”，“school performance” 意为 “学校表现；学业成绩”，所以这里填 “performance”。
(50).necessity：“a” 是不定冠词，后面要接名词，“necessary” 是形容词 “必要的”，其名词形式 “necessity” 表示 “必要；必需品”，所以这里填 “necessity”，表示友谊对孩子来说是一种必需品。

解析My Dream Trip
My dream trip is to visit Japan. This island country in East Asia has always held a special allure for me, and there are several compelling reasons why I long to explore it.
Firstly, Japan's unique blend of traditional and modern culture fascinates me. I'm eager to visit ancient temples and shrines like the Kinkaku-ji in Kyoto, also known as the Golden Pavilion. Its glittering exterior, reflecting in the surrounding pond, is a sight that has captured my imagination. I want to stroll through the narrow streets of the Gion district in Kyoto, hoping to catch a glimpse of a geisha in her elaborate kimono. These experiences would allow me to immerse myself in Japan's rich history and traditional arts, such as tea ceremonies and calligraphy.
On the other hand, Japan's modern cities like Tokyo are a testament to its technological advancement and vibrant urban life. I'm intrigued by the bustling streets of Shibuya, with its famous Shibuya Crossing, one of the busiest intersections in the world. The neon lights, trendy shops, and diverse array of restaurants and cafes create an electric atmosphere that I can't wait to be a part of. I also look forward to visiting the high-tech neighborhoods of Akihabara, known as the "Electric Town," where I can explore the latest gadgets, anime, and manga.
Another reason for my desire to visit Japan is its natural beauty. From the majestic Mount Fuji, with its snow-capped peak, to the serene cherry blossom trees that line the streets in spring, Japan offers breathtaking landscapes. I dream of hiking in the Japanese Alps, surrounded by lush forests and crystal-clear rivers. The hot springs, or onsens, are also on my must-visit list. Soaking in a natural hot spring while enjoying the scenic views would be a truly relaxing and rejuvenating experience.
Japanese cuisine is yet another draw. I'm a big fan of sushi, sashimi, tempura, and ramen. I want to visit local markets and restaurants to sample the freshest and most authentic Japanese dishes. Trying different regional specialties, such as okonomiyaki in Osaka and yakitori in Tokyo, would be a delicious adventure.
In conclusion, Japan offers a wealth of experiences that cater to my interests in culture, technology, nature, and food. A trip to this remarkable country would be a dream come true, allowing me to create memories that I would cherish for a lifetime.