全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译综合能力试题（网友回忆版）五
三级笔译综合能力
历年真题
共 110 题
2896 次浏览
更新于 2026-09-28
一、词汇和语法
（每题1分，共60 分。）
1
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
A man who _____ after his heart stopped described his experience to other people.
In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
A man who _____ after his heart stopped described his experience to other people.
- A.removed
- B.recovered
- C.revived
- D.relived
2
When working in a team, I often find myself spending so much time getting others to do their work that our _____ is less satisfactory than if I had done it myself.
- A.outcome
- B.output
- C.outflow
- D.outset
3
Translation is both a cognitive procedure which occurs in the translator’s head and a social, cross-linguistic and cross-cultural _____.
- A.practice
- B.research
- C.discipline
- D.behavior
4
The queen of psychological suspense, Sophie Hannah, is returning with her chilling new Culver Valley crime novel _____ Detective Simon Waterhouse and Sergeant Charlie Zailer.
- A.selecting
- B.including
- C.starring
- D.featuring
5
A series of studies in the Journal of Consumer Research explored observers’ reactions to people who broke _____ norms only slightly.
- A.complicated
- B.established
- C.authenticated
- D.falsified
6
The struggle between liberty and authority is the most _____ feature in the portions of history with which we are familiar, particularly in that of Greece, Italy and England.
- A.great
- B.incomprehensible
- C.conspicuous
- D.excellent
7
A killer whom the police are calling “Billy Dead Mates” has _____ four lives, and detectives are baffled.
- A.claimed
- B.stopped
- C.relinquished
- D.vanquished
8
As the evidence slowly _____, Nick is incriminated in horrible ways. But he swears he didn’t murder his wife.
- A.proves
- B.clears
- C.shows
- D.mounts
9
Slowly, it began to _____ on me that my job did not really require that I spend 12 full hours a day in the crowded office.
- A.shine
- B.dawn
- C.flash
- D.pass
10
The two most important _____ in making a cake are flour and sugar.
- A.elements
- B.factors
- C.components
- D.ingredients
11
The _____ from childhood to adulthood is always a critical time for everybody.
- A.transformation
- B.transcendence
- C.transition
- D.transfer
12
Many auto accidents were _____ to careless driving.
- A.attributed
- B.attested
- C.attached
- D.attuned
13
The novelist has said that fictional surprises would allow us to _____ reality.
- A.apply
- B.approve
- C.apprehend
- D.appreciate
14
The young couple used to quarrel a lot, but they are now completely _____ with each other.
- A.reconciled
- B.related
- C.relieved
- D.reunited
15
According to eye witnesses, the lorry _____ two or three times before rolling down the slope.
- A.ran
- B.darted
- C.jumped
- D.bounced
16
We don’t _____ any difficulties in completing the project so long as we keep within our schedule and budget.
- A.forestall
- B.formulate
- C.foresee
- D.forfeit
17
Nothing fuels enthusiasm more than watching two famous teams wrangle over the _____ as “the best team of the year”.
- A.name
- B.title
- C.reputation
- D.success
18
His fame was _____ affected by an irresponsible speech he made in public.
- A.accidentally
- B.absurdly
- C.adversely
- D.abruptly
19
The mother tried to _____ her son’s interest in music by taking him to concerts frequently.
- A.form
- B.foster
- C.follow
- D.foment
20
Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the moon’s atmosphere to _____ plant life.
- A.survive
- B.sustain
- C.supply
- D.suppose
21
Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement
This part consists of 20 sentences. In each of them one word is underlined, and below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
In her recent book Lean In, Sheryl Sandberg examines why women’s progress in achieving leadership roles has stalled, explains the root causes and offers compelling solutions.
This part consists of 20 sentences. In each of them one word is underlined, and below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
In her recent book Lean In, Sheryl Sandberg examines why women’s progress in achieving leadership roles has stalled, explains the root causes and offers compelling solutions.
- A.slowed
- B.stumbled
- C.declined
- D.descended
22
Leading politicians in the campaign to pull the UK out of the European Union are changing fast on a number of pledges, particularly over extra money for health care.
- A.backlashing
- B.backpedaling
- C.backfiring
- D.backsliding
23
Kodak’s bankruptcy was a sad story for a leading American corporation that pioneered photography and the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.
- A.abruptly
- B.eventually
- C.definitely
- D.progressively
24
Improving English competence of college students is a painstaking undertaking.
- A.stunning
- B.troubling
- C.demanding
- D.frustrating
25
When he first started in university, his major economics bewildered him tremendously.
- A.blinded
- B.irritated
- C.changed
- D.confused
26
The two pictures were taken at the same time from different camera angles.
- A.sides
- B.ways
- C.areas
- D.positions
27
Children used to admire their parents, but now they are inclined to regard them as equals.
- A.praise
- B.adore
- C.reward
- D.value
28
The travelers recommenced their journey shortly after the terrorist attack was declared over.
- A.renewed
- B.resumed
- C.repeated
- D.restored
29
Dealing with environmental pollution has proved to be intractable for more and more countries around the world.
- A.ostensible
- B.undoubted
- C.difficult
- D.lethal
30
In your first days at the school, you will be given a test to help the teachers to allocate you to a class appropriate to you.
- A.allow
- B.assign
- C.locate
- D.deliver
31
Despite the objection of his parents, he left home quietly and moved to a village situated at the southern tip of a little island.
- A.prong
- B.end
- C.nib
- D.part
32
In ancient times, judges often resorted to trial by ordeal in cases where no concrete evidence was available on either side.
- A.test
- B.threat
- C.torture
- D.terror
33
A survey of corporate America by Business Week showed what the magazine called “a yawning divide between family-friendliness in theory and in practice.”
- A.sign
- B.split
- C.sting
- D.stitch
34
The police have got the evidence to sue him, which was shot with a miniature camera.
- A.digital
- B.portable
- C.tiny
- D.secret
35
The synthesis of our various ideas created a truly unique marketing strategy for our clients.
- A.completion
- B.combination
- C.complication
- D.comparison
36
Although much of today’s communication and correspondence takes place online, the postal service is not quite obsolete.
- A.discarded
- B.removed
- C.outdated
- D.closed
37
If the value of services booked online were included, the figures would be more astounding.
- A.astonishing
- B.attracting
- C.adding
- D.alarming
38
After days of negotiations, the union finally reached a provisional agreement with management.
- A.practical
- B.momentary
- C.tangible
- D.temporary
39
Many young commuters are not interested in serious readings, instead they read exclusively for pleasure via smart phones.
- A.simply
- B.solely
- C.specially
- D.significantly
40
There is not any evidence of special concern among the officials about the growing criticism of their segregation policy.
- A.discharge
- B.discrimination
- C.disapproval
- D.disagreement
41
Part 3 Error Correction
This part consists of 20 sentences. In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error, and below each, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Looking at superficially, people appear to function well enough in economic and social activities; yet it would be dangerous to overlook the deep-seated unhappiness behind that comforting disguise.
This part consists of 20 sentences. In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error, and below each, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Looking at superficially, people appear to function well enough in economic and social activities; yet it would be dangerous to overlook the deep-seated unhappiness behind that comforting disguise.
- A.To be looking
- B.Look
- C.Having looked
- D.Looked
42
The difference is often not even mentioned in textbooks, for the result is that the learner may be ignorant about it.
- A.for the result that
- B.with the result that
- C.as the result that
- D.in the result that
43
The rest is easy if one can find someone who knows the prices of such things as stationery, pocket calculators or that is needed.
- A.which
- B.whatever
- C.whichever
- D.what
44
Produce large numbers of new plants vegetatively would require large numbers of parent plants and correspondingly large tanks and floor space.
- A.To have producing
- B.To be producing
- C.To have been producing
- D.To produce
45
Teaching and learning have come under officially increasing scrutiny in recent years, particularly the curriculum of schools, the assessment of pupil performance and the quality of teaching itself.
- A.officially increased
- B.increasing officially
- C.increasing official
- D.official increased
46
If eating 100 apples is too many, and eating zero apples is too little, this does not imply that we should eat 50 apples, it is the mathematical mean.
- A.which is
- B.that is
- C.such is
- D.what is
47
How would the return of a Labor government affect the political calculations in Northern Ireland is difficult to foresee.
- A.How the return of a Labor government has affected
- B.How will affect the return of a Labor government
- C.How the return of a Labor government will affect
- D.How would affect the return of a Labor government
48
She was very much as she had expected to be, having found in her marriage nothing surprise her nor cause her the least distress.
- A.nothing surprising her nor causing
- B.nothing to surprise her nor cause
- C.nothing surprising her nor to cause
- D.nothing to surprise her or to cause
49
The old advice to dress for the job you want, not the job you have, may have roots in more than simply others perceive you—many studies show that the clothes you wear can affect your mental and physical performance.
- A.more than simply how
- B.more than simply what
- C.more simply than how
- D.more simply than what
50
The minister of finance is believed to have to think of imposing new taxes to raise revenue.
- A.to think
- B.that he is to think
- C.to be thinking
- D.that he is thinking
51
Didn’t get a ticket for the match, he can only watch it on TV at home.
- A.Not getting a ticket for the match
- B.Not being getting a ticket for the match
- C.Not having been got a ticket for the match
- D.Not having got a ticket for the match
52
Marco was impatient. He resented being asked to wait and expected the interviewer who sees him at once.
- A.to see
- B.that sees
- C.seeing
- D.whom to see
53
The policeman declared that the blow must be made from behind.
- A.must have been made
- B.would have been made
- C.ought to have been made
- D.should have been made
54
Had she started to do it right now, she will get it done before Christmas Eve.
- A.Only she starts
- B.If she starts
- C.If she had started
- D.Would she start
55
The football match was postponed because most of the players objected they have it in the hazy weather.
- A.objected to have
- B.were objected to have
- C.objected to having
- D.were objected to having
56
The residents there, their homes all had been damaged by the big explosion, were given compensations by the local government.
- A.all homes of them
- B.all of whose homes
- C.whose all homes
- D.whose all of homes
57
The right wall of my bedroom had nothing hanging on, except a clock.
- A.except a clock hanging
- B.to be hanging on, except a clock
- C.to hang on, except a clock
- D.except a clock to be hung
58
I think most of us young people don’t like ourselves been criticized in that way.
- A.criticizing
- B.be criticized
- C.to be criticized
- D.to have criticized
59
Chinese people in the US lived together in neighborhood developed into China Towns.
- A.Chinese people in the US lived together in neighborhoods developing
- B.Chinese people in the US living together in neighborhoods developed
- C.Chinese people in the US lived together in neighborhoods have developed
- D.The neighborhoods where the Chinese in the US live have developed
60
At the hotel, I was trying to read the directions to the railway station, that was confused.
- A.what was confusing
- B.which is confusing
- C.what were confusing
- D.which were confusing
二、阅读理解
（每题1分，共30 分。）
Questions 61—70 are based on the following passage.
Those who fight against alcohol sales say the extra tax comes at a cost. Lee Miller, a leader of Angelina Citizens for a Better Community, the group vowing to defeat the measure, points to data from the State of Texas showing that for every US$1 in revenue the state received from alcohol, US$9 is paid out for expenses like treatment for alcohol abuse, law enforcement services and motor vehicle crashes. “This will not benefit us as a community,” Mr. Miller said. “It costs us more money in expenses and in the lives of our children.”
Mr. Miller, who does not drink, says he is concerned that if the vote passes, his 12-year-old daughter and 14-year-old son will have easier access to alcohol.
David Hatch, the political strategist of Angelina County Citizens for Responsible Business (ACCRB), argues that Mr. Miller’s cost revenue figures paint an inaccurate picture because they do not consider the additional sales taxes from alcohol purchases, only revenue from alcohol excise taxes, the bulk of which flow to the state.
Oscar Dillahunty, a 69-year-old, one-time beer distributor who hired Mr. Hatch and started ACCRB, has estimated that the county could rack up at least US$15 million in annual beer sales alone, which would translate into US$225,000 in sales tax revenue for Lufkin and US$75,000 for the county. He says his estimate is based on sales in a similar county in Mississippi, where he previously owned a beer distributor.
Many officials in towns and counties that recently went wet say they have not seen an increase in reported crime or drunken driving. Steven Cagle, the city manager in Duncanville, said the town had not devolved into “Drunkenville,” as church groups claimed it would.
Three police chiefs—David Walker of Fort Payne, Tex., Benny Womack of Albertville, Ala., and Eddie Phillips of East Ridge, Tenn.—all say they have not seen any increase in law enforcement problems since alcohol sales began in 2004.
But just as the feared public mayhem wrought by alcohol abuse often fails to materialize, the economic prosperity is often absent, too. In Albertville, Ala., the Rev. Willis Kelly, who preaches at Douglas First Baptist Church, says he is still waiting for the town’s financial boom. “The folks that wanted it to go wet campaigned on the idea that it would bring in money to build a new school,” Mr. Kelly said. “Last year, they collected only a little over US$100,000 in extra taxes. That wouldn’t even buy toilet paper.”
Mr. Kelly says that since the vote in June, no new restaurants have opened in Albertville, a town of 18,000 people 65 miles from Birmingham, and only one of the two grocery stores in town opted to sell beer and wine.
Jon Howard, director of finance for Albertville, would not confirm Mr. Kelly’s tax numbers, and Mayor Carl Pruett declined to comment on the town’s economy.
In Lufkin, where in recent years the economy has been surging without the help of alcohol sales, some citizens just want their town to be a bit more like the rest of the country and a little less Bible Belt. “This is the 21st century”, said Ernest Rowe, a 70-year-old retired forest worker. “I just want to be able to buy my case of Coors Light, come home and pop open a cold one.”
Those who fight against alcohol sales say the extra tax comes at a cost. Lee Miller, a leader of Angelina Citizens for a Better Community, the group vowing to defeat the measure, points to data from the State of Texas showing that for every US$1 in revenue the state received from alcohol, US$9 is paid out for expenses like treatment for alcohol abuse, law enforcement services and motor vehicle crashes. “This will not benefit us as a community,” Mr. Miller said. “It costs us more money in expenses and in the lives of our children.”
Mr. Miller, who does not drink, says he is concerned that if the vote passes, his 12-year-old daughter and 14-year-old son will have easier access to alcohol.
David Hatch, the political strategist of Angelina County Citizens for Responsible Business (ACCRB), argues that Mr. Miller’s cost revenue figures paint an inaccurate picture because they do not consider the additional sales taxes from alcohol purchases, only revenue from alcohol excise taxes, the bulk of which flow to the state.
Oscar Dillahunty, a 69-year-old, one-time beer distributor who hired Mr. Hatch and started ACCRB, has estimated that the county could rack up at least US$15 million in annual beer sales alone, which would translate into US$225,000 in sales tax revenue for Lufkin and US$75,000 for the county. He says his estimate is based on sales in a similar county in Mississippi, where he previously owned a beer distributor.
Many officials in towns and counties that recently went wet say they have not seen an increase in reported crime or drunken driving. Steven Cagle, the city manager in Duncanville, said the town had not devolved into “Drunkenville,” as church groups claimed it would.
Three police chiefs—David Walker of Fort Payne, Tex., Benny Womack of Albertville, Ala., and Eddie Phillips of East Ridge, Tenn.—all say they have not seen any increase in law enforcement problems since alcohol sales began in 2004.
But just as the feared public mayhem wrought by alcohol abuse often fails to materialize, the economic prosperity is often absent, too. In Albertville, Ala., the Rev. Willis Kelly, who preaches at Douglas First Baptist Church, says he is still waiting for the town’s financial boom. “The folks that wanted it to go wet campaigned on the idea that it would bring in money to build a new school,” Mr. Kelly said. “Last year, they collected only a little over US$100,000 in extra taxes. That wouldn’t even buy toilet paper.”
Mr. Kelly says that since the vote in June, no new restaurants have opened in Albertville, a town of 18,000 people 65 miles from Birmingham, and only one of the two grocery stores in town opted to sell beer and wine.
Jon Howard, director of finance for Albertville, would not confirm Mr. Kelly’s tax numbers, and Mayor Carl Pruett declined to comment on the town’s economy.
In Lufkin, where in recent years the economy has been surging without the help of alcohol sales, some citizens just want their town to be a bit more like the rest of the country and a little less Bible Belt. “This is the 21st century”, said Ernest Rowe, a 70-year-old retired forest worker. “I just want to be able to buy my case of Coors Light, come home and pop open a cold one.”
61
According to Lee Miller, alcohol sales fails to increase ____.
- A.extra tax revenue
- B.motor vehicle accidents
- C.law enforcement services
- D.behavior problems for kids
62
The word “measure” underlined in Paragraph 1 means ____.
- A.alcohol sales
- B.extra tax
- C.treatment for alcohol abuse
- D.Angelina Citizens for a Better Community
63
The ____ is the collector of alcohol excise taxes.
- A.state treasury
- B.township council
- C.county government
- D.federal government
64
Mr. Hatch shares the opinions of ____.
- A.Carl Pruett
- B.Ernest Rowe
- C.Benny Womack
- D.Oscar Dillahunty
65
The phrase “public mayhem” underlined in Paragraph 7 refers to ____.
- A.alcohol abuse
- B.drunken driving
- C.public disorder
- D.economic prosperity
66
The last sentence of Paragraph 7 uses a metaphorical device termed ____.
- A.allusion
- B.metaphor
- C.simile
- D.hyperbole
67
Mr. Carl Pruett appears in the same stand as ____.
- A.Jon Howard
- B.Willis Kelly
- C.Ernest Rowe
- D.Lee Miller
68
The “Bible Belt” underlined in the last paragraph refers to an area where ____.
- A.no alcohol sales are allowed
- B.locals seldom discuss tax revenue
- C.townships look like the rest of the US
- D.people spend their leisure time reading the Bible
69
The Rev. Willis Kelly ____.
- A.expects a financial boom in the town
- B.advocates that a new school be set up
- C.doesn’t see much growth in Albertville
- D.hopes that townsfolk can buy their drinks
70
The passage is a/an ____.
- A.news report
- B.literary narrative
- C.opinion exposition
- D.essay argumentation
Questions 71—80 are based on the following passage.
Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purpose. They are made from a variety of materials, such as silk and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers. In making such models, painstaking skill and artistry are called for, as well as thorough knowledge of plant structure.
The collection of glass flowers in the Botanical Museum of Harvard University is the most famous in North America and is widely known throughout the scientific world. The life-size models include 847 species, with remarkably accurate anatomical sections and enlarged flower parts. They are made entirely of glass, often reinforced internally with a wire support.
The models in colored glass are the work of two artist-naturalists, Leopold Blaschka and his son Rudolph who made them from 1887 through 1936. Their lineage of jewelers and glassmakers traces as far back as the 15th century. The parts were shaped after the glass was softened by heat. Some models were blown. Colored glass was used for many, others were “cold-painted” with a thin wash of colored ground glass or metal oxides and heated until the material fused to the model.
Since the glass flowers are always in bloom, tropical and temperate species may be studied year-round. The gallery is open during regular museum hours and is included in the general admission fee.
The museum recently installed several Blaschka glass models from the ware collection which have not been seen at Harvard for decades. You can even see amazingly realistic models of apple and apricot plants illustrating some of the diseases affecting fruits of the Rosaceae family. Other newly installed models illustrate insect pollination, displaying bees enlarged to five inches in size to show pollination techniques.
The intention of the collection was to have it represent at least one member of each flower family native to the United States. Harvard Professor George Lincoln Goodale, founder of the Botanical Museum, wanted life-like representatives of the plant kingdom for teaching botany. At the time only crude papier-mâché or wax models were available. Mrs.Elizabeth C. Ware and her daughter Mary Lee Ware financed the collection and presented it.
Though it was never completed, it contains species representing 164 families of flowering plants, a group of fruits showing the effect of fungus diseases, and thousands of flower parts and magnified details. Every detail of these is accurately reproduced in color and structure. The models are kept in locked cases as they are too valuable and fragile for classroom use.
Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purpose. They are made from a variety of materials, such as silk and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers. In making such models, painstaking skill and artistry are called for, as well as thorough knowledge of plant structure.
The collection of glass flowers in the Botanical Museum of Harvard University is the most famous in North America and is widely known throughout the scientific world. The life-size models include 847 species, with remarkably accurate anatomical sections and enlarged flower parts. They are made entirely of glass, often reinforced internally with a wire support.
The models in colored glass are the work of two artist-naturalists, Leopold Blaschka and his son Rudolph who made them from 1887 through 1936. Their lineage of jewelers and glassmakers traces as far back as the 15th century. The parts were shaped after the glass was softened by heat. Some models were blown. Colored glass was used for many, others were “cold-painted” with a thin wash of colored ground glass or metal oxides and heated until the material fused to the model.
Since the glass flowers are always in bloom, tropical and temperate species may be studied year-round. The gallery is open during regular museum hours and is included in the general admission fee.
The museum recently installed several Blaschka glass models from the ware collection which have not been seen at Harvard for decades. You can even see amazingly realistic models of apple and apricot plants illustrating some of the diseases affecting fruits of the Rosaceae family. Other newly installed models illustrate insect pollination, displaying bees enlarged to five inches in size to show pollination techniques.
The intention of the collection was to have it represent at least one member of each flower family native to the United States. Harvard Professor George Lincoln Goodale, founder of the Botanical Museum, wanted life-like representatives of the plant kingdom for teaching botany. At the time only crude papier-mâché or wax models were available. Mrs.Elizabeth C. Ware and her daughter Mary Lee Ware financed the collection and presented it.
Though it was never completed, it contains species representing 164 families of flowering plants, a group of fruits showing the effect of fungus diseases, and thousands of flower parts and magnified details. Every detail of these is accurately reproduced in color and structure. The models are kept in locked cases as they are too valuable and fragile for classroom use.
71
Making artificial flowers does NOT require ____.
- A.dexterity
- B.creativity
- C.knowledge of chemistry
- D.knowledge of plant structure
72
In the museum ____ were NOT found on exhibition.
- A.glass flowers
- B.life-size plants
- C.human models
- D.enlarged flower parts
73
The materials for making the artificial flowers and other plants do NOT include ____.
- A.glass
- B.wood
- C.metal
- D.paint
74
The founder of the Botanical Museum of Harvard University was ____.
- A.Elizabeth Ware
- B.George Goodale
- C.Leopold Blaschka
- D.Rudolph Blaschka
75
Leopold and Rudolph Blaschka were ____.
- A.artists
- B.florists
- C.farmers
- D.brothers
76
The purpose of the collection was to ____.
- A.thoroughly study plant structure
- B.create a botanical garden where only exotic flowers grow
77
At the Botanical Museum of Harvard University, ____ are NOT displayed.
- A.diseased fruits
- B.several species of native birds
- C.magnified details of flower parts
- D.models of 164 families of flowering plants
78
Which of the following statements is true of the flowers in the Botanical Museum of Harvard University?
- A.They are made by a mother-daughter pair.
- B.They are a collection of glass models.
- C.They all have a marvelous fragrance.
- D.They are lent to schools for classroom use.
79
The word “it” underlined in the last paragraph refers to ____ mentioned in the previous paragraph.
- A.the museum
- B.the collection
- C.each flower family
- D.the intention of the collection
80
An appropriate title for the passage should be ____.
- A.Flowers Native to the United States
- B.Materials Used for Artificial Flowers
- C.An Extensive Collection of Glass Flowers
- D.The Stories of Leopold and Rudolph Blaschka
Questions 81—90 are based on the following passage.
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on demographic aging. But is that really such a problem?
There is no doubt that all countries of the world are getting older, but they are at very different stages of the process. The median age in the United States—with half the population older and half younger—is currently 36. In Ethiopia, it’s 18, owing to a higher birthrate and a lower life expectancy. In other African countries, it’s even lower. The world’s oldest country is Germany, where the median age is 45.
The pattern is very clear: The young countries are poor, and the old countries are rich. So why do people fear population aging? I see two reasons. The first is psychological: The analogy to individual aging suggests that as populations get older, they grow frail and lose mental acuity. The second comes from economists and an indicator called the dependency ratio, which assumes that every adult below age 65 contributes to society, and everybody above 65 is a burden. And the proportion of people older than 65 is bound to increase.
Yet we also know that the productivity of some individuals is much higher than that of others, independent of age. Nothing is inherently special about the age of 65. Many people live longer and do so mostly in good health. The saying “seventy is the new 60” has a sound scientific basis. Meanwhile, education has been shown to be a key determinant of better health, longer life and higher productivity (not to mention open-mindedness). The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem.
To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic dependency ratio can be misleading, consider the two population billionaires, China and India. In 2050 China’s population will be older than India’s because of its more rapid fertility decline. But so what? China’s population is much better educated and therefore much more productive. Furthermore, only a minority of Chinese will retire at age 65. We can expect most Chinese to make meaningful contributions through work as long as they are in good health, particularly if they find their jobs interesting and satisfying. Again, this is largely a question of education. In India today, one out of three adults has never seen a school from the inside. In China only 8 percent, mostly elderly, have no schooling. In India, 50 percent of young women have less than a junior secondary education; in China, the figure is only 15 percent. Knowing how important education is to economic performance, who would seriously claim that India’s future is brighter than China’s owing to slower aging?
Population aging is not irrelevant, but it should be seen in conjunction with other dimensions of human capital, especially education and health. Here the prospects are good. In most countries of the world—with the notable exception of the United States—the young are clearly better educated than the old and may thus compensate for their smaller numbers through higher productivity.
Viewing the quality of human capital as resting on a collection of elements, many of them manageable, is something that the private sector has been doing for a long time. Every sizable business pays attention to human resource management. For governments, the equivalent would be a form of national human resource management that considers education, migration, family, labor, health, and retirement as components that interact richly—and together drive the richness of the future.
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on demographic aging. But is that really such a problem?
There is no doubt that all countries of the world are getting older, but they are at very different stages of the process. The median age in the United States—with half the population older and half younger—is currently 36. In Ethiopia, it’s 18, owing to a higher birthrate and a lower life expectancy. In other African countries, it’s even lower. The world’s oldest country is Germany, where the median age is 45.
The pattern is very clear: The young countries are poor, and the old countries are rich. So why do people fear population aging? I see two reasons. The first is psychological: The analogy to individual aging suggests that as populations get older, they grow frail and lose mental acuity. The second comes from economists and an indicator called the dependency ratio, which assumes that every adult below age 65 contributes to society, and everybody above 65 is a burden. And the proportion of people older than 65 is bound to increase.
Yet we also know that the productivity of some individuals is much higher than that of others, independent of age. Nothing is inherently special about the age of 65. Many people live longer and do so mostly in good health. The saying “seventy is the new 60” has a sound scientific basis. Meanwhile, education has been shown to be a key determinant of better health, longer life and higher productivity (not to mention open-mindedness). The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem.
To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic dependency ratio can be misleading, consider the two population billionaires, China and India. In 2050 China’s population will be older than India’s because of its more rapid fertility decline. But so what? China’s population is much better educated and therefore much more productive. Furthermore, only a minority of Chinese will retire at age 65. We can expect most Chinese to make meaningful contributions through work as long as they are in good health, particularly if they find their jobs interesting and satisfying. Again, this is largely a question of education. In India today, one out of three adults has never seen a school from the inside. In China only 8 percent, mostly elderly, have no schooling. In India, 50 percent of young women have less than a junior secondary education; in China, the figure is only 15 percent. Knowing how important education is to economic performance, who would seriously claim that India’s future is brighter than China’s owing to slower aging?
Population aging is not irrelevant, but it should be seen in conjunction with other dimensions of human capital, especially education and health. Here the prospects are good. In most countries of the world—with the notable exception of the United States—the young are clearly better educated than the old and may thus compensate for their smaller numbers through higher productivity.
Viewing the quality of human capital as resting on a collection of elements, many of them manageable, is something that the private sector has been doing for a long time. Every sizable business pays attention to human resource management. For governments, the equivalent would be a form of national human resource management that considers education, migration, family, labor, health, and retirement as components that interact richly—and together drive the richness of the future.
81
What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
- A.Ethiopian women are allowed to produce more babies.
- B.German people have higher life expectancy.
- C.Aging population causes economic recession.
- D.Median age refers to the phase of aging.
82
Paragraph 3 mainly discusses ____.
- A.mental and economic factors of population aging
- B.real reasons for the prosperity of the old countries
- C.the reasons of people’s fear of the aging process
- D.common patterns of demographic aging
83
The word “acuity” underlined in Paragraph 3 means ____.
- A.evolution
- B.sharpness
- C.status
- D.process
84
What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
- A.Education largely determines people’s productivity.
- B.Aging has something to do with mental acuity.
- C.Good health leads to higher life expectancy.
- D.The process of aging has a scientific basis.
85
In the sentence “seventy is the new 60” underlined in Paragraph 4, the author uses a metaphorical device termed ____.
- A.simile
- B.pun
- C.irony
- D.analogy
86
The old countries are booming because the elderly people ____.
- A.serve as a valuable asset
- B.have strong personality
- C.are increasing considerably
- D.are in good health
87
What is true of the following statements when China is compared with India?
- A.Indians will have more interesting jobs.
- B.Retiring age in China will be 65.
- C.More people in China continue to work after reaching 65.
- D.More Indian women will be well-educated.
88
The author mentions China and India to ____.
- A.provide examples of aging population
- B.predict the future trend of development
- C.explain the reasons for high productivity
- D.refute the view about dependency ratio
89
What can we infer from the last paragraph?
- A.Healthier people can enhance productivity.
- B.Elderly people are the majority group in most countries.
- C.Human capital contains many manageable components.
- D.Private businesses focus more on the aging problem.
90
The author believes that ____.
- A.aging population is closely related to economic decline
- B.aging population can still make contributions to society
- C.governments should pay more attention to aging population
- D.further education is key to the productivity of aging population
三、完形填空
（共10 分。）
Starting a conversation is as easy for some people as eating and breathing. However, if you suffer from social anxiety disorder (SAD), a room full of strangers can be as frightening as moving to a foreign country. If the stranger that you arc looking to start a conversation with is an authority figure, this just adds to your anxiety. Here are helpful tips when trying to start a conversation.
Often the person you are trying to start a conversation ____ (91) will have some item of jewelry, an unusual shirt or maybe even a tattoo; something distinctive that tells a story about the ____ (92). Items like this give you a starting ____ (93) for conversation.
After you receive a ____ (94), the key is to have something else to say that will give you a ____ (95) platform on which to build a conversation and a relationship. You need to think of a follow-up ____ (96) before you start. This is the key to building a conversation. Follow up with something personal that ____ (97) to the other person and that tells them something interesting about you.
Try the old standby, “Haven’t I seen you somewhere before?” ____ (98) the right circumstances, this conversation starter can work. If you ____ (99) to someone, “You seem really familiar. Do I know you from somewhere?”, it makes it very easy to start a conversation.
All these help ____ (100) you to the person and keep the conversation moving: What high school did you ____ (101)? Did you play an instrument? Where do you work? I’ve been to that Starbucks.
As you go through the details of the other person’s life story, you should feel ____ (102) to change subject. Remember, you don’t really want to find out if you’ve met before; you want to get to ____ (103) each other.
One of the best ways to start a conversation is to make a funny ____ (104) about your surroundings. “Hey, doesn’t our instructor look like Harry Potter?” or, “Is the guy in the front row asleep?” The goal is not to be mean-spirited or judgmental, so be sure to ____ (105) your comments light-hearted.
Try to invite the other person in on the joke. “Where do you think he keeps his magic wand, in his briefcase?” or “Do you think he’s going to sleep through the whole class?” This ____ (106) of starting a conversation can be risky. Humor is difficult with an audience whom you don’t know well. However, if you find ____ (107) that shares your sense of humor, chances are that it will be the start of a great friendship.
Remember that any of these tricks is ____ (108) to fail some of the time. If you don’t get a positive response from somebody, there are always other people that you can approach. If you are ____ (109), you will find that over time it will get easier to speak with strangers. As you become more ____ (110) and at ease you won’t need to rely on tricks to start conversations.
Often the person you are trying to start a conversation ____ (91) will have some item of jewelry, an unusual shirt or maybe even a tattoo; something distinctive that tells a story about the ____ (92). Items like this give you a starting ____ (93) for conversation.
After you receive a ____ (94), the key is to have something else to say that will give you a ____ (95) platform on which to build a conversation and a relationship. You need to think of a follow-up ____ (96) before you start. This is the key to building a conversation. Follow up with something personal that ____ (97) to the other person and that tells them something interesting about you.
Try the old standby, “Haven’t I seen you somewhere before?” ____ (98) the right circumstances, this conversation starter can work. If you ____ (99) to someone, “You seem really familiar. Do I know you from somewhere?”, it makes it very easy to start a conversation.
All these help ____ (100) you to the person and keep the conversation moving: What high school did you ____ (101)? Did you play an instrument? Where do you work? I’ve been to that Starbucks.
As you go through the details of the other person’s life story, you should feel ____ (102) to change subject. Remember, you don’t really want to find out if you’ve met before; you want to get to ____ (103) each other.
One of the best ways to start a conversation is to make a funny ____ (104) about your surroundings. “Hey, doesn’t our instructor look like Harry Potter?” or, “Is the guy in the front row asleep?” The goal is not to be mean-spirited or judgmental, so be sure to ____ (105) your comments light-hearted.
Try to invite the other person in on the joke. “Where do you think he keeps his magic wand, in his briefcase?” or “Do you think he’s going to sleep through the whole class?” This ____ (106) of starting a conversation can be risky. Humor is difficult with an audience whom you don’t know well. However, if you find ____ (107) that shares your sense of humor, chances are that it will be the start of a great friendship.
Remember that any of these tricks is ____ (108) to fail some of the time. If you don’t get a positive response from somebody, there are always other people that you can approach. If you are ____ (109), you will find that over time it will get easier to speak with strangers. As you become more ____ (110) and at ease you won’t need to rely on tricks to start conversations.
91
_____.
- A.in
- B.on
- C.from
- D.with
92
_____.
- A.person
- B.group
- C.staff
- D.team
93
_____.
- A.part
- B.pace
- C.place
- D.point
94
_____.
- A.letter
- B.call
- C.response
- D.topic
95
_____.
- A.joint
- B.mutual
- C.common
- D.rare
96
_____.
- A.visit
- B.reply
- C.story
- D.check
97
_____.
- A.relates
- B.comes
- C.goes
- D.points
98
_____.
- A.Considered
- B.Taken
- C.Supposed
- D.Given
99
_____.
- A.say
- B.refer
- C.turn
- D.converse
100
_____.
- A.command
- B.conduct
- C.contact
- D.connect
101
_____.
- A.leave
- B.reach
- C.attend
- D.admit
102
_____.
- A.free
- B.cordial
- C.nice
- D.good
103
_____.
- A.know
- B.meet
- C.introduce
- D.understand
104
_____.
- A.review
- B.comment
- C.survey
- D.say
105
_____.
- A.keep
- B.take
- C.maintain
- D.remain
106
_____.
- A.skill
- B.way
- C.process
- D.tip
107
_____.
- A.somehow
- B.someone
- C.somewhat
- D.something
108
_____.
- A.likely
- B.possible
- C.creditable
- D.acceptable
109
_____.
- A.lively
- B.energetic
- C.persistent
- D.kind
110
_____.
- A.lyrical
- B.confident
- C.brave
- D.enthusiastic
输入阅读码
查看答案与解析需要输入阅读码