吉林《学位英语》真题精选五

Dialogue One
Man: What is your major?
Woman: English.
Man: What are you going to do with English major?
Woman: （1）________
Man: High school or middle school?
Woman: High school，
Man:（2）________
Woman: I didn't know that.
Man:（3）________
Woman: How do you like it?
Man: I like it very much. （4）________
Woman: Really?

Dialogue Two
Tracey: Don’t you have air-conditioning in your apartment? It’s sweltering here!
Alice: Well，there's air-conditioning. Did you see that window air-conditioner there?（5）________
Tracey: I guess not，huh.
Alice: Well，I’m going to move out anyway. The new apartment has central air-conditioning.
Tracey: （6）________
Alice: Well，I had to wait until the lease expired. So...
Tracey: （7）________
Alice: Well，I open the windows and...and I’ve got an electric fan here. It helps a little.

Dialogue Three
Woman: I love to watch “Judge Judy.”
Man: Is that a TV show?
Woman: Yes.（8）________
Man: What's so good about it?
Woman: （9）________
Man: Such as?
Woman: Yesterday, a woman complained about a cell phone she bought on eBay.
Man: Was something wrong with the phone?
Woman: （10）________
Man: Did the seller know that?
Woman: Yes, and he didn't tell the buyer.

In sport the sexes are separate. Women and men do not run or swim in the same races. Women are less strong than men. That at least is what people say. Women are called “the weaker sex”， or， if men want to please them，“the fair sex”. But boys and girls are taught together at schools and universities. There are women who are famous Prime Ministers， scientists and writers. And women live longer than men. A European woman can expect to live until the age of 74， a man only until he is 68. Are women’s bodies really weaker?
The fastest men can run a mile in 4 minutes. The best women need 4.5 minutes. Women’s speeds are always slower than men’s， but some facts are surprising. Some of the fastest women swimmers today are teenage girls. One of them swam 400 metres in 4 minutes 21.2 seconds when she was only 16. The first “Tarzan” in films was an Olympic swimmer， Johnny Weissmuller. His fastest 400 metres was 4 minutes 59.1 seconds， which is 37.9 seconds slower than a girl 50 years later! This does not mean that women are catching men up. Conditions are very different now， and sport is much more serious. It is so serious that some women athletes are given hormone(荷尔蒙) injections. At the Olympics a doctor has to check whether the women athletes are really women or not. It seems sad that sport has such problem. Life can be very complicated when there are two separate sexes!

What do we mean by a satisfactory standard of living? Obviously, it must include the basic necessities of life such as food, clothing and shelter. To get these necessities on regular basis, a person must have a reliable income.But we have other needs which would probably also be included as basic, such as health and education facilities.We may think of all of these as our needs.Yet most of us would be far from satisfied if we had nothing more than these which are supplied for us. We all enjoy extra income to spend on things like books, sports or hobbies. Sometimes we save some of this extra income to pay for future expense of this type on holidays.So we must add our wants to our basic needs.Our standard of living is the degree, to which these needs and wants are satisfied.But as time goes on, what we think of as our basic needs changes.Twenty years ago a television would have been a luxury, and still is in many countries now.Even now we cannot say it is a need in the same sense as food, clothing and shelter. Yet if most of the people of a country have one, it comes to be accepted as a need.It is possible therefore to have food, clothing and shelter and still be poor by the standards of our own society.

Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods. Foods which do not contain chemical additives(添加剂) and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic(有机的) matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality—of foods grown in commercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures(牧场). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also lay eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber.It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.

Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated（自动化的） production systems requiring a least possible number of operators， causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened， for example， in many steelworks.On the other hand， computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid， though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers， no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing（交换） system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.When a firm introduces computers， a few people are usually employed in key posts （such as jobs of operations managers） while other staff are re-trained as operators， programmers， and data preparation staff. After the new system has settled down， people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave， resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the frim， resulting from the introduction of computers.The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers， making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.On the other hand， many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity， which will improve the condition of the whole economy， and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister， James Callaghan in 1954， when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity， which will benefit the economy in the long run.