二、完型填空题
下列每小题的选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and __31__ the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly __32__ forward. At that moment, the air-hostess appeared. She looked very pale, but was quite __33__. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she __34__ everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines—or at __35__ how to drive a ear. After a moment’s hesitation，a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot’s cabin.Moving that pilot __36__, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport __37__. The plane was now dangerously close to the ground，but to everyone’s __38__，it soon began to climb. The man had to __39__ the airport several times in order to become familiar with the controls of the plane. But the danger had not yet passed. The terrible thing came when he had to land. Following instructions, the man guided the plane toward the airfield. It shook violently __40__ it touched the ground and then moved rapidly along the runway and after a long run it stopped safely.
31.
______31
- A.then
- B.while
- C.therefore
- D.although
参考答案D
解析根据此句的意思，空格后是表示转折关系的主从句，所以although最合适。
32.
______32
- A.thrown
- B.shifted
- C.put
- D.moved
参考答案A
解析此句的意思是“顾客们突然被拋向前方”，因此thrown最合句意。
33.
______33
- A.well
- B.calm
- C.still
- D.quiet
参考答案B
解析选项中calm“沉着;镇定”；still“静止不动”和quiet“安静的”是近义词。结合上下文，B应该是正确选项。
34.
______34
- A.inquired
- B.informed
- C.insured
- D.instructed
参考答案B
解析分析上下文可知，that从句表达的是由空姐讲述有关飞行员晕倒的情况的意思，乘客是被告知的，故选B。
35.
______35
- A.best
- B.length
- C.least
- D.first
参考答案C
解析空姐问乘客中是否有人对飞机有所了解，或是至少会开车也行。at least是“至少”的意思。
36.
______36
- A.back
- B.aside
- C.about
- D.off
参考答案B
解析本句意为“把飞行员挪到一边”。aside意为“一边，旁边”。
37.
______37
- A.beneath
- B.under
- C.below
- D.down
参考答案C
解析文章一开头就提到circle over the airport,根据对应关系，below表示机场在飞机的下方。
38.
______38
- A.horror
- B.trust
- C.relief
- D.pleasure
参考答案C
解析to one’s relief 意为“使人舒了一口气”。
39.
______39
- A.surround
- B.view
- C.circle
- D.observe
参考答案C
解析根据常识，当飞行员对情况不确定时，往往会在机场上空盘旋，即circle。
40.
______40
- A.while
- B.unless
- C.as
- D.so
参考答案C
解析as引导时间状语从句，表示飞机与地面接触时产生了剧烈震动。
三、阅读理解题
下列每小题的选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
Passage 1
Washington Irving was America’s first man of letters to be known internationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in England and in the United States. He was, in fact, one of the most successful writers of his time in the country, and at the same time winning the admiration of fellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the United States. The respect in which he was held partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his gay spirits, his artistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the New. Thackeray described Irving as “a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refined Europeans.” In England he was granted an honorary degree from Oxford—an unusual honor for a citizen of a young, uncultured nation—and he received the medal of the Royal Society of Literature. America made him ambassador to Spain.Irving’s background provides little to explain his literary achievements. A gifted but delicate child, he had little schooling. He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously. He was immune to his strict Presbyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and the theater.
41.
The main point of the first paragraph is that Washington Irving was________.
- A.America’s first man of letters
- B.a writer who had great success both in and outside his own country
- C.a man who was able to move from literature to politics
- D.a man whose personal charm enabled him to get by with basically inferior work
参考答案B
解析推理判断题。第一段第一句即中心句，概括了这一段的大意，即华盛顿·欧文是第一在国际上享有盛誉的美国文人，也就是说他不仅在自己的国家，而且在国外也获得巨大的成功，B与此最相符。段末提到了C，但也是为了说明他的成功，包括在B中。A表述不恰当；D文中没有提及。
42.
What is implied by the mention of Scott, Poe and Hawthorne?
- A.Irving enjoyed great popular admiration.
- B.Scott, Poe and Hawthorne were primarily responsible for Irving’s success.
- C.Irving’s work was not only popular, but also of high literary quality.
- D.More Americans than Britons admired Irving.
参考答案C
解析句意理解题。这句提到的Scott, Poe和Hawthorne都是当时英国和美国最有名的作家，欧文的作品受到了他们的称赞，可以证明其作品具有很高的文学艺术性。所以选C。
43.
Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving’s Presbyterian background on his life?
- A.It fostered his love for the theater.
- B.It developed his skill in business.
- C.It prompted his interest in law.
- D.It had almost no effect on his life.
参考答案D
解析事实细节题。文中最后一句话提到，严谨的基督教长老会的生活环境对他没有任何影响，他经常会光顾社交聚会和剧院。所以选D。
44.
Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving’s personal qualities on his literary success?
- A.His personal qualities were entirely responsible for his literary success.
- B.His personal qualities were primarily responsible for his literary success.
- C.His personal qualities had some effects on his literary success.
- D.His personal qualities had no effects on his literary success.
参考答案C
解析事实细节题。第一段第四句中提到，他所受的尊重部分因为他本身的个性，如友好、文雅、快乐、艺术的正直性等，即他的个性对他文学道路上的成功有一定影响。所以选C。
45.
Why might Irving’s literary ability have been surprising to the English?
- A.They feared competition from American writers.
- B.They did not expect the United States to produce good writers.
- C.They disapproved of the language American writers used.
- D.They thought of the United States as a purely commercial power.
参考答案B
解析推理判断题。第一段倒数第二句提到a young, uncultured nation是指当时的美国，可见当时的美国在英国人和欧洲人眼中是个年轻而又落后的国家，所以英国人没有料到在美国会出现如此优秀的作家。
【全文翻译】
华盛顿·欧文是美国第一位国际知名的文人。他的作品在英国和美国都受到热烈欢迎。事实上，他是当时美国最成功的作家之一，同时也赢得了英国斯科特、美国坡和霍桑等作家的赞赏。他之所以受到尊敬，部分是因为他本人，因为他热情友好、理智、彬彬有礼、精神愉快、艺术正直、热爱新旧世界。萨克雷将欧文描述为“一位绅士，尽管他出生在一个不太高的领域，但他是最完美、最优雅、最机智的人；在社会上，他与最优雅的欧洲人不相上下。”在英国，他被牛津大学授予荣誉学位，这是一个年轻、未受文化熏陶的国家的公民所获得的不寻常的荣誉，他还获得了皇家文学学会的奖章。美国任命他为驻西班牙大使。
欧文的背景无法解释他的文学成就。他是一个有天赋但娇弱的孩子，几乎没有受过教育。他学习法律，但没有热情，从不认真实践。他不受严格的长老会家庭环境的影响，经常参加社交聚会和剧院。
Passage 2
Traditionally, universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Many experts would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the community. The fundamental question, however, is how does the community want or need to be served?
In recent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the governments and the public to ensure that they do not remain “ivory towers(象牙塔)” of study separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachers have been encouraged, and in some cases constrained (强迫), to provide more courses which produce graduates with the technical skills required for the commercial use. If Aristotle wanted to work in a university in the UK today, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher.A post-industrial society requires large numbers of computer programmers，engineers, managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but “man”， as the Bible says, “does not live by bread alone.” Apart from requiring medical and social services, which do not directly contribute to economic growth, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts. Because they can also promote economic growth. A successful musical play, for instance, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things.
46.
The main idea of the first paragraph is that________.
- A.traditional universities do a good job serving the society
- B.universities must meet the needs of the society
- C.research and teaching are of great importance in universities
- D.universities play an important role in our society
参考答案B
解析推理判断题。第一段提到研究和教学这两个大学里的主要活动为服务社会起关键作用，其实就是说，大学应该适应社会的需要。因此答案为B。
47.
We can infer from the second paragraph that________.
- A.the society is not satisfied with the present college education
- B.the governments interfere too much with college education
- C.teacher are forced to do what they don’t like to do
- D.teachers dislike teaching commercially useful courses
参考答案A
解析推理判断题。第二段是说政府和社会对现在的大学教育不是很满意，因为大学成为脱离社会的“象牙塔”，为此老师们正在采取一些改变的措施；B、C、D都是对文中意思的错误理解，所以选A。
48.
The Aristotle example is used to make the point that________.
- A.universities in the UK have produced too much good for graduates
- B.such abstract subjects as philosophy is no longer useful
- C.education should serve the social needs
- D.it is advisable for today’s philosophers to know computer science
参考答案B
解析推理判断题。我们知道亚里士多德是著名的哲学家，他注重教授理论知识，而现在的大学教育注重教授实用性的技能，像哲学这种抽象、纯理论的学科不再有用了。所以选B。
49.
According to the passage, literature, music and the arts________.
- A.do not contribute to economic growth at all
- B.are less useful to the society because they do not make direct contribution to economic growth
- C.are similar to medical and social services in their way of promoting economic growth
- D.should develop only when they are good for economic growth
参考答案C
解析事实细节题。最后一段提到，除了需要医疗和社会服务，社会还需要重视和欣赏文学、音乐和艺术，它们都是间接为经济增长做出贡献的。
50.
The author believes that________.
- A.art is useful only when it is made into a money earner
- B.the promotion of economic growth is the only goal of today’s society
- C.universities should not provide literature or art courses
- D.the society needs both technical skills and arts
参考答案D
解析推理判断题。文中第二段讲述实用性技能的重要性，第三段讲述此外社会还需要医疗、社会服务、文学艺术等，所以它们都是社会不可或缺的，因此选D。
【全文翻译】
传统上，大学开展两项主要活动：研究和教学。许多专家认为，这两项活动在服务社区方面都发挥着关键作用。然而，最根本的问题是，社区希望或需要如何服务？
近年来，政府和公众对大学施加了越来越大的压力，以确保它们不会继续成为脱离日常生活现实的“象牙塔”。大学教师受到鼓励，在某些情况下受到限制，提供更多的课程，使毕业生具备商业使用所需的技术技能。如果亚里士多德今天想在英国的一所大学工作，他将有很好的机会教授计算机科学，但不会很容易成为哲学家。
后工业社会需要大量的计算机程序员、工程师、管理人员和技术人员来维持和发展其经济增长，但正如《圣经》所说，“人”并不单靠面包生活。除了需要对经济增长没有直接贡献的医疗和社会服务外，社会还应该重视和享受文学，音乐和艺术。因为它们也可以促进经济增长。例如，一部成功的音乐剧通过旅游收入对国民生产总值的贡献与其他任何东西一样大。
Passage 3
All the useful energy at the surface of the earth comes from the activity of the sun.The sun heats and feeds creatures and mankind.Each year it provides men with two hundred million tons of grain and nearly ten million tons of wood, coal, oil, natural gas, and all other fuels are stored energy from the sun. Some was collected by this season’s plants as carbon compounds.Some was stored by plants and trees ages ago. Even waterpower derives from the sun. Water turned into vapor by the sun fails as rain. It courses down the mountains and is converted to electric power.Light transmits only the energy that comes from the sun’s outer layer, and much of this energy that is directed towards the earth never arrives.About nine tenths of it is absorbed by the atmosphere of the earth.In fact, the earth itself gets only one half millionth of the sun’s entire output of radiant energy.
51.
The sun is the source of all of the following EXCEPT________.
- A.gasoline
- B.natural gas
- C.atomic power
- D.animal fat
参考答案C
解析事实细节题。文章前半部分提到地球上所有的能量来源都离不开太阳，比如地球上的一切动植物，人类，树木，煤矿，石油，天然气，其他燃料等，但是没有提到C“原子能”，所以选C。
52.
Radiant energy is stored as carbon compounds by________.
- A.plants
- B.water
- C.rock
- D.creatures
参考答案A
解析事实细节题。文中第四句提到，太阳能作为碳的化合物储存在植物体内，所以选A。
53.
The sun’s energy provides us with all EXCEPT________.
- A.rain
- B.teal
- C.water
- D.light
参考答案B
解析事实细节题。文中后半部分提到水能、雨水和光都是来自于太阳能。没有提到B“水鸭”，因此答案为B。
54.
The largest part of the light energy directed towards the earth is________.
- A.stored up by the plants
- B.absorbed by the earth’s atmosphere
- C.stored up by the animals in the form of body fat
- D.used for electric power
参考答案B
解析事实细节题。文中倒数第二句提到约有十分之九的太阳光被地球的大气层吸收了，真正到达的很少。
55.
Of the sun’s total output of radiant energy, the earth receives________.
- A.one tenth
- B.one millionth
- C.all that comes from the surface of the sun
- D.a very small portion
参考答案D
解析事实细节题。文中最后一句说，事实上，地球只接收了太阳所有辐射能量的百万分之零点五，所以是相当小的一个比例。
【全文翻译】
地球表面所有有用的能量都来自太阳的活动。太阳为生物和人类提供热量和食物。每年它为人类提供两亿吨粮食和近千万吨木材，煤、石油、天然气和所有其他燃料都是从太阳中储存的能量。有些是被这个季节的植物作为碳化合物收集的。有些是很久以前被植物和树木储存起来的。就连水力也来自太阳。被太阳晒成水蒸气的水变成了雨。它从山上流下，然后转换成电能。光只传播来自太阳外层的能量，大部分指向地球的能量从未到达。大约十分之九的二氧化碳被地球大气层吸收。事实上，地球本身只得到太阳全部输出辐射能的50万分之一。