职称英语《卫生类C》模拟试卷一

As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.
Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease.They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way.One of the world's great thinkers and scientists,Albert Einstein was dyslexic.Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do.He said that he thought in pictures instead.The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic.Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago.Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled.The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different.In most people,the left side of the brain一 the part that controls language is larger than the right side.In persons with dyslexia,the right side of the brain is bigger.Doctors are not sure what causes this difference.However,research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females,and it is found more often in persons who are left handed.No one knows the cause of dyslexia,but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born.They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia.Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help.After they have solved their problems with language,they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.

1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor.If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor.What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital.She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

第二篇
Ceremonial bathing（仪式性的沐浴）has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna.The Finns have perfected the steam bath,or sauna,which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room,by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath.The Japanese, Greeks,Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.
The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time.A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave.After reaching full heat,the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours.A few people today say that the smoke sauna,"savusauna"is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor（气味）or smoke.Today most saunas use electric stoves,although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.
Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving.Those with muscle aches or arthritis（关节炎）may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation（炎症）.Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing.Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion（减轻胸闷感）and speed recovery time.The body's core temperature usually rises 1—2 degrees while in the sauna,thus imitating a slight fever.The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying"feed a cold,starve a fever".The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.
Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs.Adults sweat about 2 pounds of water per hour on average in a sauna.A good sweat removes dirt and grime （污垢；尘垢）from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow.The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes.The cardiovascular system（心血管系统）gets a work out（运动，锻炼）as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100一150 beats per minute.
A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice.The elderly and those with diabetes（糖尿病）should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas.Pregnant women should not take saunas,particularly in the first three months.Indeed,everyone just starting out should take short sessions（做某事的一段时间）at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.

第三篇
In the early days of the United States,postal charges were paid by the recipient and charges varied with the distance carried.In 1825,the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivery,but these carriers received no government salary and their entire compensation depended on what they were paid by the recipients of individual letters.In 1847,the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea of a postage stamp,which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay.
Besides,the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address.In Philadelphia,for example,with a population of 150,000,people still had to go to the post office to get their mail.The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail.It is no wonder that,during the years of these cumbersome arrangements,private letter-carrying and express businesses developed.Although their activities were only semi-legal,they thrived and actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were half-day speedier than the government mail.The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had.Finally,in 1863,Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary,and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery.But this delivery service was at first confined to cities,and free home delivery became a sign of urbanization.In 1890,of the 75 million people in the United States,fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors.The rest,nearly three quarters of the population,still received no mail unless they went to their post office.

第二篇
Not all sleep is the same every night.We experience some deep,quiet sleep and some active sleep,which is when dreams happen.You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep,but a person isn't physically active during active sleep.Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage called slow-wave or deep sleep.
Not all sleepwalkers actually walk.Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like they're awake when in fact,they're asleep! Most,however,do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as haff an hour.
Sleepwalkers' eyes are open,but they don't see the same way they do when they're awake and often think they're in different rooms of the house or different places altogether.Sleepwalkers tend to go back to bed on their own and they won't remember it in the morning.
Researchers estimate that about 15% of kids sleepwalk regularly.Sleepwalking may run in families（在家族中世代相传）and sometimes occurs when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep,or is stressed（紧张）.
If sleepwalking occurs frequently,every night or so,it's a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor.But occasional sleepwalking generally isn't something to worry about,although it may look funny or even scary（骇人的）for the people who see a sleepwalker in action.
Although occasional sleepwalking isn't a big deal,it's important,of course,that the person is kept safe.Precautions（预防措施）should be taken so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something,or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.

Priscilla Ouchida's "energy-efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago,they built a$100,000,three-bedroom home in Cali-fornia._________(46)
Problems began as soon as the couple moved in,however.Priscilla's eyes burned._________ (47)She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep.It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.
Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.The level of formaldehyde（甲醛）gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers.The source of the gas?__________(48)
The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution,which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation's drive to save energy.The problem itself isn't new."The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,"__________(49)"Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases."
The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones.Back in the days when energy was cheap,home builders didn't worry much about unsealed cracks.__________(50)As a result,the pollutants generated in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels.

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more._________(51)to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences（《美国国家科学院院刊》）.The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.
The research group analyzed the_________(52)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link_________(53) good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for__________(54) thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a________(55)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung________(56)and that your brain gets plenty of________(57),"says Michael Nilsson,professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be one of the reasons_________(58) we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular（肌肉的）__________(59).We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been __________(60) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a_________(61)IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who_________(62)their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,"says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical__________(63)is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _________(64)national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _________(65).Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.