职称英语《卫生类C》真题精选六

Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health
Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline（基线）eye exams at age 40,says the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)（美国眼科学会）.
The reminder（提示）is part of the AAO's EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.
“Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs,”Dr.Stephanie Marioneaux,a clin-ical correspondent for the AAO,said in a prepared statement.“Gradual changes in vision can af-fect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities.”
Based on the findings from the initial screening,an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams.
People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes（糖尿病）or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked,the AAO recommends .By 2020,43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cata-racts（白内障）and glaucoma（青光眼）.That's a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.
But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss.Only 23 percent of Amer- icans are very concerned about losing their vision,while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss,according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.

16

Everyone need to get baseline eye exams at age 40,according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

17

In Dr.Stephanie Marioneaux's opinion,eye diseases progress by warning signs.

A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

18

Gradual changes in vision can affect one's thought.

A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

19

A schedule for follow-up eye exams will be created by the findings from the initial screening.

A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

20

Only the old men with diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with eye doctor.

A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

21

Cataracts and glaucoma are related to age.

A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

22

Most Americans are concerned about the risk of vision loss more than weight gain or joint pain.

A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

参考答案 B

解析：1.题干句意：美国眼科学会认为人们在四十岁的时候需要做眼睛基线检查。根据文章首句“Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline（基线）eye exams at age 40”可知即使没有患眼疾的征兆或风险，人们都有可能遭受失明，所以在四十岁的时候都需要做眼睛基线检查。
2.题干句意：Dr.Stephanie Marioneaux认为，眼疾的发展都有发病前兆。根据第三段他说的“Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs”可知，许多眼疾都没有发病前兆。故题干表述错误。
3.题干句意：视力的变化可以影响你的思想。根据第三段最后一句“Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently.”可知视力的逐渐变化会影响你独立工作的能力，并没有将视力变化对思想的影响，故题干表述文中没有提及。
4.题干句意：根据视力初期筛选结果，眼科医生将建立一个视力定期复查时间表。in-itial screening意为“起始筛选，初期筛选”,follow-up意为“定期复查”。根据文章第四段可知题干表述正确。
5.题干句意：只有患糖尿病或者高血压的老人需要看眼科医生。根据第五段“People of any age… diabetes（糖尿病）or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked”可知任何年龄的人，只要有眼疾的症状或有家族遗传史，糖尿病或高血压的人都应该咨询眼科医生做眼部检查的频率。故题干表述错误。
6.题干句意：白内障和青光眼跟年龄有关。根据第六段“age-related eye diseases such as cataracts（白内障) and glaucoma（青光眼）”可知题干表述正确。
7.题干句意：大部分美国人更加关注失明的风险甚于关心增变胖或关节痛。根据最后一段“Only 23 percent of Americans are very concerned about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss”可知，只有 23％的美国人关注失明的风险，大部分人认为变胖、关节痛或者背痛都比失明严重得多。故题干表述错误。

Ebola Outbreak
1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak.Eb-ola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection.Scientists believe that humans contracted the vi-rus by eating the meat of rare animals.It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus。
2.To date,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak:Si-erra Leone,Liberia and Guinea.However,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola with their border.
3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries,your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero.Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS,the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person.Specifically,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids .Though the virus is transmittable,only an infected person exhib-iting symptoms is communicable.
4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus.Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection .Symptoms include disgust,weakness and stomach pain.More uncommon symptoms include chest pain,bleeding and sore throat.
5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body.This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response,causing the flu-like symptoms.The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism（凝血机制）, making bleeding even more severe.Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion（器官灌注）ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years.While diseases such as the malaria（疟疾）are far more communicable,Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infec-tions.Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

23

Paragraph 2______

A.Am I at risk of contracting the virus?
B.Is the current outbreak the deadliest?
C.How do I know if I have contracted the virus?
D.What areas are currently affected?
E.What exactly does Ebola do to the body?
F.What caused the Ebola outbreak?

24

Paragraph 3______

A.Am I at risk of contracting the virus?
B.Is the current outbreak the deadliest?
C.How do I know if I have contracted the virus?
D.What areas are currently affected?
E.What exactly does Ebola do to the body?
F.What caused the Ebola outbreak?

25

Paragraph 4______

A.Am I at risk of contracting the virus?
B.Is the current outbreak the deadliest?
C.How do I know if I have contracted the virus?
D.What areas are currently affected?
E.What exactly does Ebola do to the body?
F.What caused the Ebola outbreak?

26

Paragraph 5______

A.Am I at risk of contracting the virus?
B.Is the current outbreak the deadliest?
C.How do I know if I have contracted the virus?
D.What areas are currently affected?
E.What exactly does Ebola do to the body?
F.What caused the Ebola outbreak?

27

The initial Ebola outbreak was found in______.

A.infected body fluids
B.against the outbreak severity
C.the mode of transmission
D.the initial days of being infected
E.three countries in West Africa
F.within a wide range of days

28

The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in______.

A.infected body fluids
B.against the outbreak severity
C.the mode of transmission
D.the initial days of being infected
E.three countries in West Africa
F.within a wide range of days

29

The symptoms of the patients after being infected______.

A.infected body fluids
B.against the outbreak severity
C.the mode of transmission
D.the initial days of being infected
E.three countries in West Africa
F.within a wide range of days

30

The Ebola virus transmits by contact with lies in may first appear______.

A.infected body fluids
B.against the outbreak severity
C.the mode of transmission
D.the initial days of being infected
E.three countries in West Africa
F.within a wide range of days

参考答案 A

解析：1.第二段第一句提到“there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone , Liberia and Guinea”，即埃博拉病毒主要在西非三个国家肆虐，其他国家也有埃博拉确诊病例的报道。由此可知，本段主要讲的是感染埃博拉的地区，故选D。
2.第三段首先提到Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries（除非你最近去过西非感染埃博拉的三个国家中的一个），否则你感染到埃博拉的风险是零，然后介绍了埃博拉的传播方式。所以，本段主要讲感染埃博拉的风险，故选A。
3.第四段主要介绍的是感染埃博拉的症状：恶心、虚弱、胃痛，不寻常的症状有胸痛、流血、或喉呢痛，以此可以判断是否可能已感染了埃博拉病毒，故选C。
4.第五段主要介绍的是埃博拉病毒是怎样对机体造成危害的：它会破坏人体的每一个器官，会过度刺激人体的炎症反应。故E项符合题意。
5.由第二段首句“…there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak…”可知埃博拉疫情首先在西非的塞拉利昂、利比里亚和几内亚三个国家爆发，故选E。
6.由第三段第二句“Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola vi-rus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person”可知，SARS是通过空气传播的，而埃博拉是通过直接接触已被感染的病人传播的，两者的传播方式不同，故选C。
7.由第四段第二句“Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection”可知，感染埃博拉的症状可能最早在感染后两天或晚至三周才会显现，说明潜伏的天数不等，故本题应选F。
8.由第三段第三句“Specifically , Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids.”可知，埃博拉病毒通过接触被感染者的体液传播，故选A。

Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998 .The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0 .44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.
“This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

31

What does the new study discover?

A.Babies born to wealthy families are heavier.
B.Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.
C.Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
D.Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.

32

Giussani and his team are sure that______.

A.babiog born in La Paz arc on average lighter than in Santa Cruz
B.people living in La Paz are poorer than those in Santa Cruz
C.the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above average
D.mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished

33

It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that＿______.

A.the finding was unexpected
B.he was very tired
C.the study took longer than expected
D.he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz

34

The results of the study indicate the reason for the birth of underweight babies is＿______.

A.lack of certain nutrition
B.poverty of their mothers
C.different family backgrounds
D.reduction of oxygen levels

35

It can be learned from the last paragraph that______.

A.high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later life
B.underweight babies have a shorter life span
C.babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birth
D.newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies

Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart Disease
More than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.
“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U.S.population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr.Earl S.Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.
The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.
Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,
The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.
Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.
Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add.

36

Which of the following statements is NOT right?

A.The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U.S.adult.
B.Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.
C.Women have a higher risk of heart disease than man.
D.The distribution of the risk of heart disease are hardly related to race.

37

According to the Journal of the American College of Cardiology,_______of the U.S.adults had a risk of developing heart disease above 20 percent in the next 10 years.

A.three percent
B.ten percent
C.twenty percent
D.eighty-two percent

38

______does NOT have the least effect on risk distributions.

A.Age
B.Gender
C.Race
D.Blood group

39

What's the percentage that 15%of the U.S.adults had a risk of developing heart disease in the next 1 0 years?

A.About 3%.
B.Less than 10%.
C.Between10%～20%.
D.Above 20%.

40

Dr.Daniel and Dr.Nathan suggest reducing the risk of overall population by_______.

A.losing weight
B.aggressive treatment measures
C.public health strategies
D.Both B and C

参考答案 D

解析：1.文章首段提到就提到美国80％以上的成年人未来十年内患心脏病的风险低于 10%，故A项正确；由第五段最后一句话“By contrast , race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.”可知种族对患病风险的分布影响很小，故D项正确；由第五段“The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.”可知实验对象年龄越大，在高风险组中所占的比例也越大，男人进入该组的可能性也大于女性，故B项正确，C项错误。
2.由第四段“Overall , 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent , 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.”可知，美国80％以上的成年人未来十年内患心脏病的风险低于10% ,15％的成年人未来患心脏病的风险介于10％～20% ,3％的成年人患心脏病的风险在20％以上。故选A。
3.题干问的是下列哪个选项对患病风险的分布影响最小。由文中第五段可知，心脏病的患病风险的分布与年龄和性别有很大的关系，种族对患病风险事物分布影响很小，D项“血型”在文中没有提及，故排除。故选C。
4.由文中原句“15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent”可知，15％的成年人未来十年内患心脏病的风险介于10%～20%，故选C。注意文中的几个百分数不要弄混淆了
5.两位科学家讲到，尽管大多数成年人10年内患心脏病的风险较低，但在有风险者中，很大一部分所面临的风险却是很高或者刻不容缓的，故只有采取积极的治疗措施和公共卫生政策（Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed）才能降低所有人群患病的风险概率。

Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis（结核病）.Most times , the infection remains inactive（不活跃的）.But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB,usually in their lungs.Two million people die of it.The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resist-ant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months.Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic（抗生素）drugs daily.But many people stop as soon as they feel better.Doing that can lead to an infection（传染病）that resists treatment.Public health experts agree that a faster-act-ing cure for tuberculosis would be more effective.Now a study estimates just how effective it might be .A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study.Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured.It would also mean fe- wer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical（数学的）model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan.They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia.The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases.And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths.The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty.That is,if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in nineteen ninety.DOTS（短期直接观察治疗）is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course.Health workers watch tubercu- losis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.
Earlier this year,an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program.The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs.The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old.The Global Alliance for TB Drug De- velopment（全球结核病药物开发联盟）says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.

41

Each year,about______people die of TB,according to the World Health Organization.

A.One-third of all
B.Eight million
C.Two million
D.One million

42

The mathematical model tested in Southeast Asia shows that a faster cure is developed and in wide use as early as the year of_______.

A.1990
B.2020
C.2030
D.2010

43

Now there are_______most common drugs being used for more than forty years.

A.one
B.two
C.three
D.four

44

Which of the following statements is NOT right in Paragraph 2?

A.Current treatments of TB take at least six months.
B.Shorter treatment program would likely mean more patients cured,and fewer infectious patients.
C.The patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily.
D.The patients should stop taking antibiotic drugs as soon as they feel better.

45

The long-term goal of the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development is a treatment that could work______.

A.in half a year
B.in two months
C.in ten doses
D.in ten days

参考答案 C

解析：1.根据文章首段“The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all peo-ple are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis（结核病）…each year about eight mu- lion people develop active cases of TB… Two million people die of it.”可知，大约有三分之一的人会感染上结核病细菌，每年约有800万人在肺部转变为活性细菌，大约有二百万人死于结核病。故选C。
2.由第三段的最后两句“The model shows that these reductions would take place between 2020 and 2030.That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by 2020”可知，一种又快又广的治疗方法大约在2020年至2030年，最快也得在2020年。故选B。
3.由最后一段“The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old”可知，现在最常用的四种治疗结核病的药已有四十多年的历史了。所以要加大投资金额用于研发新药品。
4.根据题干，我们可以直接定位到第二段。由首句“Current treatments take at least six months”可知目前的治疗肺结核的疗程至少是六个月，故A项正确；根据Joshua Salomon 所说的话可知疗程较短的计划可能意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传递给别人的病人也会更少，故B、C两项正确。由“But many people stop as soon as they feel bet-ter.Doing that can lead to an infection（传染病）that resists treatment.”可知，结核病患者不能感觉好一点就停止吃药，这样容易发展成抗药性的传染性肺结核。故选D。
5.由文章最后一句话“The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development（全球结核病药物开发联盟）says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.”可知全球结核病药物开发联盟的目标是研制出一种最好是喝10剂就能治愈结核的药物。 dose剂量，药量；一服（药），一剂（药）。故选C。

Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change
At picnics,ants are pests.But they have their uses.In industries such as mining,farming and forestry,they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.
It has been recognized for decades that ant—which are highly sensitive to ecological change—can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem.Only certain species, for instance,will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees._______(46) And still others will move in and take up residence.
By looking at which species populate a deforested area,scientists can determine how “stressed”the land is._______(47)Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species.
Where mine sites are being restored,for example,some ant species will recolonize the stripped land more quickly than others._______(48)Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recov-ery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.
Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil,where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations.“We found it worked extremely well there,”says Jonathan Majer,a professor of environmental biology.Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia,he says,because ants are so common throughout the region.As Majer puts it:“That's the great thing about ants.”
Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting._______ (49)
Why not?Because many companies can't afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey.The cost stems,also,from the scarcity of ant specialists.______(50)

46

_______(46)

A.This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B.Yet in other businesses,such as farming and property development,ant surveys aren't used widely.
C.Employing those people are expensive.
D.They do this by sorting the ants,counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E.The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F.Others will die out for lack of food.

47

_______(47)

A.This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B.Yet in other businesses,such as farming and property development,ant surveys aren't used widely.
C.Employing those people are expensive.
D.They do this by sorting the ants,counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E.The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F.Others will die out for lack of food.

48

_______(48)

A.This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B.Yet in other businesses,such as farming and property development,ant surveys aren't used widely.
C.Employing those people are expensive.
D.They do this by sorting the ants,counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E.The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F.Others will die out for lack of food.

49

_______(49)

A.This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B.Yet in other businesses,such as farming and property development,ant surveys aren't used widely.
C.Employing those people are expensive.
D.They do this by sorting the ants,counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E.The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F.Others will die out for lack of food.

50

_______(50)

A.This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B.Yet in other businesses,such as farming and property development,ant surveys aren't used widely.
C.Employing those people are expensive.
D.They do this by sorting the ants,counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E.The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F.Others will die out for lack of food.

参考答案 C

解析：1.空前一句“Only certain species , for instance , will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees”讲到某些特定物种在被砍光树木的森林里还能够继续存活，空后一句“still others will move in and take up residence”讲到自然会有其他生物迁入并定居下来，F项“其他种类将会因为缺乏食物而灭绝”与上下文联系紧密，符合语境。
2.空后一句“scientists can determine how ‘stressed ' the land is”讲到科学家们之所以利用蚂蚁是因为它们很常见而且种类繁多，在此之前应该说明怎么样利用蚂蚁,D项 “科学家们的观察是通过对蚂蚁的分类、数目的确定以及与前期调查结果的对比分析来进行的”符合语境。
3.空前一句讲到在一些矿井地带的recolonize（复原）过程中，会有一些蚂蚁的物种比其他物种更快地重新在植被破坏的土地上安家，A项“这样可以帮助科学家们测定生态恢复的速度和进程”与上文联系紧密，并且A项中的“the ecological recovery”与本段首句中的“are being restored”相照应，故选A。
4.空前一句“that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environ-mental impact of mining and tree harvesting”讲到世界各国政府都承认了通过蚂蚁而得出的关于估测采矿和伐林对环境带来的影响的结果，而第七段第一句则问道：为什么不用呢？B项“然而在另外一些行业中，比如农业和房地产开发业，用蚂蚁调查的方法并没有被广泛地采用”与下文联系紧密，起承上启下作用，符合语境。
5.空前一句“many companies can't afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey”讲到很多国家不能付出高额的费用，研究蚂蚁的专家稀少，故C项“雇佣他们花费巨大”与上文联系紧密，符合语境。

Stage Fright
Fall down as you come onstage .That's an odd trick.Not recommended.But it saved the pi- anist Vladimir Felts man when he was a teenager back in Moscow.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,Mr.Felts man said, “All my fright was_______(51).I already fell.What else could happen?”
Today,music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that_______(52) with performance techniques and career preparation.There are a variety of strategies that musici-ans can learn to_______(53)stage fright and its symptoms:icy fingers,shaky limbs,racing heart,blank mind.
Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice,from basics like learning pieces inside out,_______(54)mental discipline,such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to re- lax .Don't_______(55)that you're jittery,they urge;some excitement is natural,even necessa-ry for dynamic playing.And play in public often,simply for the experience.
Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some_______(56)for the moments before perform-ance,“Take two deep abdominal breaths,open up your shoulders,then smile,”she says.“And not one of these‘please don't kill me'smiles.Then_______(57)three friendly faces in the au-
dience,people you would communicate with and make music to,and make eye contact with them.”She doesn't want performers to think of the audience_______(58)a judge.
Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the_______(59)of stage fright,says Dorothy Delay,a well-known violin teacher.She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.
When Lynn Harrell was 20,he became the principal cellist of the Cleveland Orchestra,and he suffered extreme stage fright.“There were times when I got so_______(60)I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing.It was just total panic.I came to a _______(61)where I thought,If I have to go through this to play music,I think I'm going to look for another job.” Recovery,he said,involved developing humility-recognizing that _______(62)his talent,he was fallible,and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.
It is not only young artists who suffer,of course.The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous.The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example.“They had to push him on stage,”Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.
_______(63),success can make things worse.“In the beginning of your career,when you're scared to death,nobody knows who you are,and they don't have any_______(64),”So-prano June Anderson said.
“There's_______(65)to lose .Later on,when you're known,peo- ple are coming to see you,and they have certain expectations.You have a lot to lose.”
Anderson added,“I never stop being nervous until I've sung my last note.”

51

_________51

A.saved
B.assessed
C.observed
D.gone

52

_________

A.deal
B.work
C.enroll
D.communicate

53

_________

A.explain
B.understand
C.fight
D.analyze

54

_________

A.of
B.at
C.for
D.to

55

_________

A.tell
B.deny
C.confirm
D.argue

56

_________

A.strategies
B.reasons
C.supports
D.demands

57

_________

A.choose
B.watch
C.draw
D.recognize

58

_________

A.like
B.by
C.as
D.on

59

_________

A.time
B.root
C.rate
D.beginning

60

_________

A.decisive
B.nervous
C.excited
D.grateful

61

_________

A.room
B.point
C.moment
D.corner

62

_________

A.whatever
B.whenever
C.wherever
D.however

63

_________

A.Actually
B.Correspondingly
C.Certainly
D.Similarly

64

_________

A.sensations
B.expectations
C.appreciations
D.contributions

65

_________

A.less
B.much
C.some
D.more

参考答案 A

解析：1.句意：所有的害怕都烟消云散了。我已经摔倒了，还有比这更糟糕的吗? assess意为“评定，估价”,be gone意为“走了，消失了”。
2.本句是定语从句，that后面部分修饰先行词classes。 deal with意为“处理，对待”，这里是说，讲授表演技巧和打好表演基础的课程。
3.与怯场作斗争用fight。 fight意为“战胜，与……斗争”,analyze意为“分析”。
4.固定搭配。from… to… 意为“从……到……”。
5.句意：他们强调，不要否认你的紧张感，适度的兴奋对于精彩演出是正当甚至是必要的。deny意为“否认”,confirm意为“确认，证实”,argue意为“争论，辩论”。
6.从心理治疗师给出的建议可以看出，这些建议是上台前的一些策略（strategies) 。 strategy意为“战略，策略”。
7.句意：从观众中选出三名比较友善的人，这些是你愿意与之交流并为之演奏的人，并与他们做眼神接触。因此用choose。 draw意为“画，拉，吸引”,recognize意为“认出，识别”。
8.think…as…意为“把……看成……”。句意：她不想让演奏者将观众当成是法官。
9.句意：来自导师和父母的苛刻要求常常是怯场的根源。at the root of…意为“是……的根源”。
10.从空后的“我甚至能肯定，观众一定能看到我的胸口随着心跳而搏动，简直变成了慌乱。”可以看出，林?哈雷尔有时候非常紧张（nervous) 。 decisive意为“果断的，坚定的”,excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”,grateful意为“感谢的”。
11.该句是一个定语从句，此处是说慌乱到了某种地步，用point。句意：后来我竟然到了这个地步，我想“如果演出要经历这种慌乱，我宁可另找一份工作。”point意为“要点，地步”。
12.句意：要认识到，不论自己有多大的才能，都可能犯错误。
13.句意：实际上，成名之后情况可能会变得更糟。Actually意为“实际上，事实上”。 correspondingly意为“相应地相对地”,certainly意为“当然，必定”,similarity意为“同样地，类似于”。
14.句意：没有人知道你是谁的时候，当然就不会对你的演出抱有太大希望（expecta-tion) 。 sensations意为“感觉，轰动”,appreciation意为“欣赏，鉴别”,contribution意为 “贡献，捐献”。
15.句意：没有成名的时候，没人认识，即使演出出现失误也不会有损失。选项中只有 less含有否定的意思：

职称英语《卫生类C》真题精选六

一、单选题

二、共享题干题

职称英语《卫生类C》真题精选六

一、单选题

二、共享题干题

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