2022年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务试题（网友回忆版）

解析：【参考译文】
　　中国空间站的无人核心舱于周四成功发射，舱内设有可供三名航天员使用的生活区，该永久性空间站预计将于2022年底建造完成。核心舱，取名“天和”，意为“天地之和气”。本周四11时23分（格林威治时间3时23分），中国最大的运载火箭——长征五号B运载火箭搭载空间站天和核心舱，在海南文昌航天发射中心成功发射。天和核心舱将成为中国第一座自主研发空间站的三大组成模块之一。中国空间站建成后，可与目前唯一服役的国际空间站（ISS）相媲美。国际空间站由美国、俄罗斯、欧盟、日本、加拿大共同参与建立。国际空间站不断老化，在轨运行了二十多年，未来尚不明朗。倘若少了一些参与国家的资金支持，国际空间站将于2024年退役。本月俄罗斯表示，将在2025年起退出国际空间站项目。
　　发射天和核心舱是中国11次发射任务中的第一项，将为空间站的建设和配备提供一切所需物资，以接待首批航天员。不同于国际空间站能容纳六人还显充裕，必要时甚至最多容纳八人，中国的空间站最初仅能同时容纳三位航天员。如果中国决定进一步扩建空间站，扩展舱段和生活区，未来的容纳人数可能会显著增加。在之后的发射任务中，中国将再发射两个核心舱、四架载人飞船和四架货运飞船。为飞往空间站并生活其中，至少有12名不同性别的航天员正在接受训练，其中既有拥有宝贵经验的老一辈航天员，又有资历尚浅的航天新人。到2022年底完成核心舱对接和空间站建设时，天和核心舱预计重约66吨。
　　在火箭和商业卫星成功发射多年之后，中国在2003年10月将第一位航天员送入太空，成为自前苏联和美国之后第三个独立开展载人航天活动的国家。自神舟五号发射以来，中国已将更多航天员送入太空轨道，安排航天员入驻天宫站并完成太空行走。2011年太空实验室天宫一号发射，2016年天宫二号发射，这两次任务帮助中国测试了项目中航天器的空间交会对接能力。中国计划2024年执行另一项飞行任务，带回月球样本，实现载人登月，并尝试在月球上建立一个科学基地。不过这些项目的具体时间尚未提出。中国的目标是到2030年跻身世界航天强国行列。通过登陆月球、向火星发射无人探测器，建造自己的空间站，中国推动了本国太空项目的发展。面对新的太空竞赛，中国航天部门一直在加快发展步伐，志在赶超美国和俄罗斯。
解析
　　（1）China launched an unmanned module (核心舱) on Thursday containing what will become living quarters for three crew on a permanent space station that it plans to complete by the end of 2022, state media reported. 中国空间站的无人核心舱于周四成功发射，舱内设有可供三名航天员使用的生活区，该永久性空间站预计将于2022年底建造完成。
[分析]“unmanned module”翻译为“无人核心舱”。“living quarters”翻译为“生活区”，贴合中文表达习惯。
　　（2）The module, named “Tianhe”, or “Harmony of the Heavens”, was launched on the Long March 5B, China’s largest carrier rocket, at 11:23 a.m. (0323 GMT) from the Wenchang Space Launch Centre on the southern island of Hainan. 核心舱，取名“天和”，意为“天地之和气”。本周四11时23分（格林威治时间3时23分），中国最大的运载火箭——长征五号B运载火箭搭载空间站天和核心舱，在海南文昌航天发射中心成功发射。
[分析]“Tianhe”直译为“天和”，并补充其寓意“天地之和气”，保留了中文名称的文化内涵。译文通过适当的分句，清晰呈现了发射时间、火箭类型和发射地点等关键信息。
　　（3）Tianhe is one of three main components of what would be China s first self-developed space station, rivalling the only other station in service—the International Space Station (ISS). 天和核心舱将成为中国第一座自主研发空间站的三大组成模块之一。中国空间站建成后，可与目前唯一服役的国际空间站（ISS）相媲美。
[分析]“rivalling the only other station”被译为“可与目前唯一服役的国际空间站相媲美”，准确表达了与国际空间站的对比关系，且保留了ISS的英文缩写，方便国际读者识别。
　　（4）In contrast, the fate of the ageing ISS—in orbit for more than two decades—remains uncertain. The project is set to expire in 2024, barring funding from its partners.国际空间站不断老化，在轨运行了二十多年，未来尚不明朗。倘若少了一些参与国家的资金支持，国际空间站将于2024年退役。
[分析]“ageing ISS”翻译为“国际空间站不断老化”，形象描绘了空间站现状。“barring funding”被译为“倘若少了一些参与国家的资金支持”，清晰地表述了条件关系。
　　（5）The Tianhe launch was the first of 11 missions which it will take to construct and outfit the space station with everything it needs in order to host its initial crew. 发射天和核心舱是中国11次发射任务中的第一项，将为空间站的建设和配备提供一切所需物资，以接待首批航天员。
[分析]“construct and outfit the space station with…”翻译为“为空间站的建设和配备……”。“host its initial crew”译为“接待首批航天员”。
　　（6）In the later missions, China will launch two other core modules, four manned spacecraft and four cargo spacecraft. 在之后的发射任务中，中国将再发射两个核心舱、四架载人飞船和四架货运飞船。
[分析]“manned spacecraft”翻译为“载人飞船”。“cargo spacecraft”译为“货运飞船”。
　　（7）At least 12 astronauts of both genders are training to fly to and live in the station, including veterans of precious flights and newcomers. 为飞往空间站并生活其中，至少有12名不同性别的航天员正在接受训练，其中既有拥有宝贵经验的老一辈航天员，又有资历尚浅的航天新人。
[分析] 译文“既有…又有…”结构体现了航天员队伍的构成特点，对应了原文中“including veterans of precious flights and newcomers”。“veterans”意为经验丰富的人。
　　（8）It has ramped its space program with visits to the moon, the launch of an uncrewed probe to Mars and the construction of its own space station. 通过登陆月球、向火星发射无人探测器，建造自己的空间站，中国推动了本国太空项目的发展。
[分析]“ramp”作动词意为“使有斜面”，在这里被巧妙地解释为“加速发展”。

解析：【参考译文】
Su Mingjuan, a seven-year-old girl in the Ta-pieh Mountains, appeared on the promotional poster of Project Hope with her big eyes full of longing for reading. Su’s hometown, Jinzhai County, is remote and isolated. It used to be one of the most impoverished areas in China, where many children dropped out due to a lack of tuition. In order to make compulsory education accessible to every school-age child, The Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and the China Youth Development Foundation launched the Project Hope in 1989, the first foundation to help to aid the dropout children in poverty-stricken regions in China.
In early 1990, the Youth Development Foundation donated 40,000 yuan and the supporting funds of the province and the county to build the first Hope Primary School in China—Jinzhai County Hope Primary School. The establishment of this Hope Primary School was like a seed bursting out in the depths of Ta-pieh Mountains. Over the past 30 years, it has witnessed the children’s departure from here to hope. It has changed the fate of many people and lit up countless dreams and futures.
The action of building schools under the name of “Hope” has been lasting for three decades. The more impoverished a place is, the more brilliant the signboard looks. Project Hope regards it as a fundamental mission to help the dropout children in poor areas return to school. By means of initiating partner assistance and building Hope Primary Schools, it has solved the poverty-caused dropout problem of teenagers effectively. After entering the 21st century, the Project Hope included senior high school and university students as its funding targets, and upgraded the “aid” mode to “Aid Plus Development”.
According to the official website of China Youth Development Foundation, national programs related to the Project Hope has received donations of 15.229 billion yuan in total, aided 5.9942 million students in poverty-stricken families, and funded the construction of 20,195 Hope Primary Schools by September 2019. The Project Hope not only offers the recipients physical aids, but more importantly the spirit of unyieldingness and never giving up in face of difficulties.
解析
　　（1）当年大别山地区7岁小女孩苏明娟饱含“我想读书”渴求的大眼睛，出现在希望工程的宣传海报上。Su Mingjuan, a seven-year-old girl in the Ta-pieh Mountains, appeared on the promotional poster of Project Hope with her big eyes full of longing for reading.
[分析]“大别山地区”译为“the Ta-pieh Mountains”，“希望工程”译为“Project Hope”。
　　（2）苏明娟的老家在金寨县，偏僻、交通闭塞，曾是中国最贫穷的地区之一，很多孩子由于交不起学费而辍学。Su’s hometown, Jinzhai County, is remote and isolated. It used to be one of the most impoverished areas in China, where many children dropped out due to a lack of tuition.
[分析]原文运用了丰富的修饰语和并列句，译文通过合理的断句和结构重组，分译为两句话，既保持了信息的完整性，也使译文更加流畅易读。
　　（3）为了让每一个适龄儿童都能接受义务教育，1989年，共青团中央、中国青少年发展基金公(the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and China Youth Development Foundation)发起建立希望工程。这是我国第一个救助贫困地区失学儿童的基金。In order to make compulsory education accessible to every school-age child, The Central Committee of the Communist Youth League and the China Youth Development Foundation launched the Project Hope in 1989, the first foundation to help to aid the dropout children in poverty-stricken regions in China.
[分析]“让每一个适龄儿童都能接受义务教育”译为“to make compulsory education accessible to every school-age child”，使用了“accessible”一词，精确表达了教育普及的目标。“失学儿童”译为“the dropout children”。
　　（4）这所希望小学的落成，如一粒种子，在大别山深处“破土”。30年来，它见证了孩子们走出大山，走向希望：它改写了许多人的命运，点亮了无数梦想与未来。The establishment of this Hope Primary School was like a seed bursting out in the depths of Ta-pieh Mountains. Over the past 30 years, it has witnessed the children’s departure from here to hope. It has changed the fate of many people and lit up countless dreams and futures.
[分析]“这所希望小学的落成，如一粒种子，在大别山深处‘破土’。”译为“The establishment of this Hope Primary School was like a seed bursting out in the depths of Ta-pieh Mountains.”，通过“bursting out”形象地再现了“破土而出”的生动画面，保持了原文的比喻效果。“点亮”对应的短语为“light up”。
　　（5）这场以“希望”为名的建校行动，30年来一直在继续，越是贫穷的地方，招牌越是闪亮。The action of building schools under the name of “Hope” has been lasting for three decades. The more impoverished a place is, the more brilliant the signboard looks.
[分析]译文中“the more...the more...”的结构，不仅保留了原文的对比效果，还加强了语言的表现力。
　　（6）希望工程将救助贫困地区失学儿童重返校园作为根本使命，先后发起结对救助和“希望小学”建设，有效解决青少年因贫失学问题。Project Hope regards it as a fundamental mission to help the dropout children in poor areas return to school. By means of initiating partner assistance and building Hope Primary Schools, it has solved the poverty-caused dropout problem of teenagers effectively.
[分析]“将……作为根本使命”译为“regard sth as a fundamental mission”。“有效解决……问题”译为“solve … problem effectively”。
　　（7）希望工程给受助者提供的不仅是物质上的援助，更重要的是面对困境不屈服、不放弃的精神。The Project Hope not only offers the recipients physical aids, but more importantly the spirit of unyieldingness and never giving up in face of difficulties.
[分析]“受助者”译为“recipients”。“不屈服、不放弃的精神”译为“the spirit of unyieldingness and never giving up”。