2025年12月大学英语六级试题二（网友回忆版）

大学英语六级 / 历年真题　共 57 题　更新于 2026-09-28

一、写作题

主观题不参与评分，请参考答案自行评分。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “While striving for the Chinese Dream, young people enjoy more opportunities to realize their self-worth.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.

参考答案【参考范文】 While striving for the Chinese Dream, young people enjoy more opportunities to realize their self-worth. In the era of rapid development, young people are provided with a broad stage to pursue their dreams and achieve personal growth. To begin with, the country’s booming development in science, technology and culture creates numerous platforms for young people to give full play to their talents. Whether starting their own businesses, engaging in scientific research or participating in public welfare, young people can find suitable ways to realize their value. In addition, the spirit of the Chinese Dream encourages young people to combine personal goals with national development, making their efforts more meaningful. Furthermore, by shouldering social responsibilities and making contributions to society, young people can gain a stronger sense of achievement. In short, the Chinese Dream brings precious opportunities for young people. Only by working hard and moving forward bravely can they realize self-worth and make contributions to the nation.

二、听力

题目分为若干组，每组题目基于同一个题干、实例或者案例展开。每题的备选项中，只有1个最符合题意。

〈/huixue_java/202603/dxyylj-2026-03-01.mp3〉

Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

A.It is absurdly expensive.
B.It is appropriately priced.
C.It brings shame on the university.
D.It caters to students and teachers.

参考答案B

第2题______.

A.They never really appeal to her.
B.They are never actually good value.
C.They are within students5 budgets.
D.They always come at a high speed.

参考答案A

第3题______.

A.The food.
B.The space.
C.The speed.
D.The environment.

参考答案C

第4题______.

A.A complete refurnishing.
B.A ruinous burning down.
C.A substantial expansion.
D.A massive renovation.

参考答案D

解析W: I must say I love our canteen. It’s such a great meeting point.
M: Yeah, it really is, both for students and teachers. Shame about the food.
W: What do you mean? I think the food is fine.
M: I would say the food is just OK, but the prices are absurd, don’t you agree?
W: [1] I don’t actually. I personally think they’re perfectly appropriate. If it’s overpriced, why does it get so frantically busy at lunchtimes?
M: Hmm. You make a good point. I guess a lot of it is good value. Maybe even most of it. However, don’t you think six bucks for a slice of apple crumble is beyond most students’ budgets?
W: Ah, yes, desserts are overpriced. I’ll give you that. To be honest, I’ve forgotten about those, as I never eat them. [2] I never really crave sweet things or any fancy delicacies. What I always go for is their scrambled egg. They have such a great variety.
M: Yeah, those are good. They also come out really fast. [3] Actually, that’s one of the best things about the canteen, the speed. If I fancy something more substantial than a sandwich, but I don’t have much time for lunch, the university canteen is always a good option. The kitchen staff work at such a brisk pace—they really deserve to be complimented for it.
W: Totally, and it’s such a great environment too. Like, the entire building is beautiful.
M: It is very nice.
W: The massive glass windows make all the difference. I think they’re so cool. [4] Apparently, they did a massive renovation a few years ago. It cost them a pretty penny.
M: Yeah, I’m not surprised. It’s a very versatile space, suitable both for eating and relaxing.
W: And for working.
M: You’re right, working too. I’ve used my laptop there once or twice, and there’s always a group project or meeting going on at the far end.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

A.They have a poor work ethic.
B.They don't get along with managers.
C.They are struggling in the workplace.
D.They aren't as varied as their predecessors.

参考答案A

第6题______.

A.Learning about the way they adhere to their own values.
B.Recognizing how they try to strike a work-life balance.
C.Knowing how they struggle to connect with managers.
D.Understanding the way they seek career advancement.

参考答案B

第7题______.

A.In terms of the number of hours spent.
B.By the amount of work they perform.
C.In terms of the work done in 8 hours.
D.By the quality of the work they do.

参考答案D

第8题______.

A.Those whose culture facilitates their advancement.
B.Those allowing them to do projects of their choice.
C.Those whose values align with their own.
D.Those refraining from discrediting their perspectives.

参考答案C

解析W: Hi, Tony. Today we’re talking about how managers can get along better with young people at work. [5] We often hear young people today have a poor work ethic. That’s not really justified though, is it?
M: Not really. In reality, young people of this age group are as varied and multifaceted as any other generation.
W: Yeah, but if you are struggling to work with young people in your workspace, what can you do?
M: Well, it’s essential to connect with them, to learn about their values. [6] It’s also really important to recognize the way young people want to balance their work life with their personal life.
W: So, they generally don’t want to defer happiness in return for career advancement?
M: Absolutely. They are not willing to sacrifice their personal lives for their work lives. And this leads people to equate that with an unwillingness to work hard.
W: Right, but that couldn’t be further from the truth, could it?
M: Young people will work extremely hard during their defined work hours. But they expect to have their time off, like weekends and nights, free from work.
W: So, how should managers go about assessing young people’s productivity?
M: Generally, young people believe their productivity should not be measured by the number of hours they work—since someone can work for 8 hours and accomplish next to nothing of significance for the company. [7] Instead, young people measure their productivity levels by the quality of the work they perform.
W: But we often hear that young people want to feel more than just being a part of a big machine. Such a perspective can be hard to discredit, can’t it?
M: It’s important to legitimize their work. Young workers want to work on projects that matter to themselves, the company or the world at large. [8] They must feel the need to stay working at a company whose values align with their own.
W: Thanks for your advice.

10.

Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three orfour questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A.They may unconsciously help customers choose greener dishes.
B.They may unintentionally encourage customers to eat meat.
C.They raise customers' environmental awareness.
D.They enable customers to eat in a healthy way.

参考答案B

11.

第10题______.

A.By inviting them to taste different kinds of food.
B.By observing the eating behaviour of strict vegetarians.
C.By comparing participants eating vegetarian food frequently with those doing so rarely.
D.By requiring participants to choose a meal as if they were feasting at a family gathering.

参考答案C

12.

第11题______.

A.They are less likely to choose a vegetarian dish.
B.They find vegetarian dishes become more appealing.
C.They tend to consume larger portions of unhealthy food.
D.They are less likely to choose dishes recommended by chefs.

参考答案A

解析Many restaurants are trying to persuade customers to eat more sustainably, moving away from environmentally unfriendly meat towards greener dishes. [9] Although it sounds counterintuitive, restaurants which include specific vegetarian sections on their menus may be unintentionally encouraging customers to eat meat, a new study suggests.
Behavioral scientist Linda Bacon, one of the study’s authors, said restaurants can have a positive impact on the environment by encouraging their customers to choose more plant-based food and less meat. However, our findings suggest that while certain restaurant menu designs can encourage some consumers to make pro-environmental food choices, they can have the opposite effect on others.
[10] The study involved 750 people, half of whom frequently ate vegetarian food, and half of whom rarely ate it. No vegetarians were included. They were given different menus and asked to choose a meal as if they were eating out with friends.
Placing vegetarian dishes in a separate section did not have a significant effect on the choices made by infrequent vegetarian food eaters. But it did have a notable effect on the frequent eaters, lowering their chance of picking a vegetarian option by 5% .
The researchers also discovered that presenting a vegetarian dish as the chef’s recommendation or including a more appealing description of a non-meat meal leads to a greater proportion of infrequent vegetarian eaters choosing
a vegetarian option. [11] But again, these altered menu designs backfired with those who ate vegetarian food more frequently, leading them to be less likely to choose a vegetarian dish.

13.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A.They have found a solution to the global problem of air pollution.
B.They have managed to freeze polluting particles to around --8℃.
C.They have been seeking a way to prevent pollutants from penetrating indoors.
D.They have been cooperating closely on developing a new type of air-conditioner.

参考答案C

14.

第13题______.

A.They can be costly and inefficient.
B.They are constantly being perfected.
C.They are by-products of health research.
D.They can save over 40,000 lives each year.

参考答案A

15.

第14题______.

A.They keep their windows closed.
C.They make more use of air-conditioners.
B.They spend a lot more time indoors.
D.They try various ways to purify indoor air.

参考答案B

16.

第15题______.

A.It shows the importance of eliminating indoor pollution.
B.It may change the way of future environmental research.
C.It demonstrates the fruitful cooperation between UK and Chinese scientists.
D.It may make household appliances serve an additional air cleaner function.

参考答案D

解析[12] Nottingham Trent University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences have been trying to find a way to prevent deadly outdoor air pollution from penetrating indoors. They found that if pollution is frozen to around minus 18 degrees Celsius in a condensing tube, the particles gather together and fall to the bottom, allowing fresh, clean air to pass through. Their method was able to remove of pollutants. It is hoped that the work could pave the way for simple modification of air conditioning units, so that they can also clean polluted indoor air.
Outdoor air pollution in cities is a global problem, whether it be haze plaguing Kolkata or poor air impacting the health of children in London schools. [13] While there are some existing technologies to purify indoor air, they can be inefficient, expensive, or produce harmful byproducts. [14] When outdoor air quality is poor, people tend to spend even more time indoors, but outdoor pollution also leads to indoor pollution, and people still suffer. It is estimated that pollution is linked to over 40,000 early deaths in Britain each year.
Professor Gang Pan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said, “We have shown in our experiments that simply by circulating polluted air through a small freezing chamber, we can remove most of the fine particles and gas pollutants. [15] Our study makes it possible to add an air cleaner option to household appliances in areas which might experience extremely poor air conditions. By controlling indoor air pollution and improving air quality in this way, this work could be greatly beneficial to public health.”

17.

Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talksfollowed by three orfour questions.
The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 1 with a single line though the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

A.It distinguishes different species of animals.
B.It reflects distinct traits in animal behaviour.
C.It demonstrates animals5 ability to recognise themselves.
D.It gauges the level of intelligence of various animal species.

参考答案C

18.

第17题______.

A.It meets few of the behavioural criteria set in the mirror test.
B.It behaves similarly to animals capable of self-recognition.
C.It removes marks from itselfto show self-awareness.
D.It matches children over r8 months in intelligence.

参考答案B

19.

第18题______.

A.They have conclusively established the criteria of animal intelligence.
B.They have advanced the concept of self-awareness to a higher level.
C.They incorporate more perspectives than one.
D.They raise more questions than answers.

参考答案D

解析Research recently carried out by my team suggests that fish may be self-aware. [16] A certain species of fish recently passed the well-known mirror test—this is a test that demonstrates self-recognition in the animals. Only a few animals, such as humans, apes, dolphins and some birds can recognise themselves in a mirror, and only these animals capable of self-recognition will attempt to remove marks placed on their skin after noticing them in their reflection. This ability suggests the level of higher intelligence and awareness. This is not shown by children until around 18 months. Until now, no fish has demonstrated the ability, but our experiments show the fish in question will scrape up
against hard surfaces to remove marks placed on its body by our researchers after viewing itself in a mirror.
The behaviours we observe leave little doubt that this fish behaviourally fulfils all criteria of the mirror test as originally laid out. The fish in our study never attempted to remove the marks when no mirror was present or when the marks were just placed on the mirror. Unmarked fish also did not attempt to remove marks from themselves when interacting with a marked fish on the other side of a window.
These results show either that fish are self-aware or that the mirror test, which is considered to be the gold standard test used to denote higher intelligence, may be flawed. [17] What is less clear is whether these behaviours should be considered as evidence that fish are self-aware, even though in the past, these same behaviours have been interpreted as self-awareness in so many other animals. Depending on your position, you might reject the interpretation that these behaviours in a fish satisfy passing the test at all. But on what objective basis can you do this when the behaviours they show are so functionally similar to those of other species that have passed the test?
[18] Results from our research raise more questions than answers. What if self-awareness develops like an onion, building layer upon layer rather than appearing all at once? Perhaps, in order to explore self-awareness further, we should stop looking at responses to the mirror as a decisive test. Only with a richer theory of the self and a larger test battery will we be able to determine all of the various levels of self-awareness, including where exactly fish fit in.

20.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

A.Small children are even more keen on screens than their elders.
B.Both parents and children preferred to read electronic books.
C.Parents differed from children in reading behavior.
D.Children reading electronic books learned more.

参考答案D

21.

第20题______.

A.They came to conflicting conclusions.
B.They were based on small samples.
C.They yielded unanticipated findings.
D.They were focused on younger kids.

参考答案A

22.

第21题______.

A.Those that prove simple enough fbr them to comprehend.
B.Those that produce both audio and visual effects on them.
C.Those that draw their attention to the educational content.
D.Those that contribute to their increased interest in reading.

参考答案C

解析Reading with a young child is important, but does it matter whether you read from an electronic book or traditional print? As any parent knows, small children are generally keen on screens, so the finding from a new study that very young children enjoy electronic books more than printed picture books may not come as a huge surprise.
[19] But the following additional findings might: both parents and children behave differently when reading electronic versus printed picture books, and the children who read the electronic books learned more.
[20] Previous studies of young children have suggested that electronic books, which incorporate extra features
such as dictionaries and images that depict story events, may have advantages over print. In fact, multiple studies have found that electronic books support story comprehension and vocabulary gains beyond what is provided by printed books. [20] But there’s also work suggesting that children sometimes invest less mental effort in learning from electronic books, and the parents talk less about content when sharing such books.
The study we’re looking at today aims to give us a better understanding of how good electronic books are for young children. For this study, researchers videoed children aged 17 to 26 months reading with one of their parents. Each parent and child pair was randomly assigned to read either two educational electronic books or two printed books with the same content. While the parent read the words in the printed books aloud, the electronic books had audio of voice actors reading the text.
The researchers found that parents who read the printed books pointed more frequently to pages than parents who read the electronic books, but the opposite was true for the children. Children who read the electronic books also commented more on the content and learned more new words than the children who read printed books. This greater learning is ascribed to greater engagement with the electronic books.
It’s important to note that the electronic books in the study were simple. While they included background music, animation and sound effects, there were no other extra features. It’s also important to note that there’s research on older children finding that electronic books don’t always bolster learning. [21] Parents and educators need to be aware extra features in electronic books may increase children’s participation with them. However, if these features don’t draw attention to the educational content, they may not serve as a supportive feature.

23.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

A.Regret having wasted much time in making them.
B.Think how different we could have made them.
C.Keep ourselves from regretting them.
D.Live with them for the time being.

参考答案C

24.

第23题______.

A.It has made us the person we are now.
B.It has been made with a lot of thinking.
C.It stems from our valuable knowledge.
D.It benefits us greatly one way or another.

参考答案A

25.

第24题______.

A.Challenging things to do.
B.Beautiful things to share.
C.Choices to make.
D.Lessons to learn.

参考答案D

26.

第25题______.

A.Foreseeing the possibility for regret later.
B.Making proper use of the lessons learned.
C.Perfecting the decision-making strategies.
D.Seeing them as obstacles to moving forward

参考答案B

解析Let me be honest with you. If you are living your life full of regret, you are wasting your time. Why would you go through life regretting the very decisions that made you who you are today? [22] There are plenty of unfavorable decisions we’ve made, but does that mean we should regret them? No. I’ve had many moments where I sit and think about all the things I wish I could have done differently. However, just because things could be different, it doesn’t necessarily mean they would be better.
You don’t have to continually be thinking of all your past decisions and whether or not you made the right one. You can’t go back and change anything. So what’s the point in worrying about it? [23] Every single decision you’ve ever made, positive or negative, has made you the person you are today. We want to go back and change parts of our past, but what would be the benefit of that? We would have lost the valuable knowledge from the lessons we learned. There are reasons you make the choices you do, and that tells us about who you are. So when it comes to any decision in life, be unapologetically yourself, because at the end of the day, it was you who made that decision.
With less time spent focused on regrets, you will finally have time to focus on the more essential things in life. In any situation, you grow more as a person with every decision you make. [24] Life is full of lessons to learn, so we can’t let regret stop us from moving forward. We don’t know if we’ve made the right or wrong choice until after it has already been made, so it can be easy to start regretting your decision.
But if the decision has already been made, what’s the purpose of dwelling on it? There isn’t one. All you can do is move forward. You can’t let yourself sit there and worry about every past choice. We aren’t all perfect. Whenever you make a decision, there will always be a possibility for regret later, but that’s how life is supposed to be. [25] You will make poor decisions in life. We all do. But it’s what you do with the lessons learned that matters. Think about every decision you’ve ever made. Were they always the best? Of course not. But look at how far you’ve come since then.

三、阅读理解

题目分为若干组，每组题目基于同一个题干、实例或者案例展开。每题的备选项中，只有1个最符合题意。

Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
We humans love to believe we are special, but science and technology have repeatedly proved this conviction wrong. People 26 thought that humans were the only animals to use tools, to form teams or to propagate culture, but science has shown that other animals do each of these things.
Meanwhile, technology has quashed (使无效), one by one, claims that 27 tasks require a human brain. The first adding machine was invented in 1623. This past year, a computer-generated work won an art contest. I believe the moment when computers meet and 28 human intelligence is on the horizon.
How will human intelligence and creativity be valued when machines become smarter and more creative than the brightest people? There will likely be a spectrum. In some 29 , people still value humans doing things, even if a computer can do it better. It’s been a quarter of a century since a computer beat world champion Garry Kasparov, but human chess hasn’t gone away.
In other fields, human skill will seem costly and 30 . Take illustration for example: most readers don’t care whether the graphic 31 a magazine article was drawn by a person or a computer—they just want it to be relevant, new and perhaps 32 .
And, of course, this question isn’t black or white. Many fields will be a 33 , where some humans find a lucky place, but most of the work is done by computers, like in manufacturing today, where, much of the work is accomplished by robots, but some humans must be there to 34 the machines.
If history is any guide, it’s almost certain that advances in AI will cause more jobs to 35 , that creative workers with human-only skills will become richer but fewer in number, and that those who own creative technology will become the new ultra-rich.

27.

第26处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案I

解析此句说过去人们认为人类是唯一会使用工具等的动物，现在科学证明其他动物也会，所以这里表示过去的情况，“once”有“曾经，一度”之意，符合语境。答案：I

28.

第27处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案B

解析此处需填入形容词修饰“tasks”，结合语境，科技逐一否定了那些需要人类大脑才能完成的任务，“cognitive”意为“认知的”，“cognitive tasks”即“认知任务”，符合文意。答案：B

29.

第28处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案M

解析根据语境，这里说计算机达到并“超越”人类智能的时刻即将到来，“surpass”有“超越”之意。答案：M

30.

第29处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案C

解析根据前文提到会有一个范围，以及后文以国际象棋为例，可知这里说的是在一些领域人们仍看重人类做事。“domains”有“领域”的意思，符合语境。答案：C

31.

第30处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案K

解析此处需填一个形容词描述人类技能的特点，结合前文提到在其他领域机器比人类更有优势，可知人类技能会显得成本高且多余。“redundant”意为“多余的，冗余的”，符合语境。答案：K

32.

第31处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案A

解析此处需填入一个现在分词作后置定语修饰“graphic”，表示“与杂志文章相伴的”，“accompanying”有“伴随的，附带的”意思，符合语境。答案：A

33.

第32处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案D

解析根据语境，此处说读者对杂志文章配图的要求，除了相关、新颖，还应有娱乐性。entertaining有“娱乐性的”意思，符合文意。答案：D

34.

第33处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案F

解析根据后文描述，很多领域是部分人类找到合适位置但大部分工作由电脑完成，说明是一种混合的状态。答案选F。

35.

第34处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案J

解析根据语境，在制造业中很多工作由机器人完成，但需要一些人来监督机器，“监督”对应“oversee”。答案：J

36.

第35处填______.

A.accompanying
B.cognitive
C.domains
D.entertaining
E.evoking
F.hybrid
G.impetus
H.intuitive
I.once
J.oversee
K.redundant
L.stances
M.surpass
N.tentatively
O.vanish

参考答案O

解析根据前文提到人工智能发展，以及此处语境，说明人工智能进步会使更多工作消失。答案应选表示“消失”含义的词。答案：O

Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Do You Know When to Quit Wisely?
A)Projects, relationships, and jobs don’t always work out as planned—and it’s not always clear when to give up. We’ve all repeatedly heard the saying that “quitters never win,” but sometimes the best decision is to cut our losses.
B)Think about that relationship you held on to even after it had run its course or the job you stayed in despite your boss making you miserable. Many of us try to hold onto the last ray of hope, thinking we can make it work, whatever “it” is. And while perseverance is generally an excellent quality, it may also incline you to over-invest in something that is no longer a good idea.
C)As an executive coach, I work with numerous passionate and hard-working leaders who don’t want to “quit.” But the smartest leaders learn to discern the difference between quitting too soon and holding onto something that they shouldn’t.
D)We are all susceptible to the sunk-cost delusion, an unconscious bias that leads us to persist in an endeavor we have already invested time, effort, or money into—even when abandoning it would be more beneficial. We realize that we can’t get back the resources we’ve given, so we persevere—investing in a project that should be halted, staying in a relationship that should be over, or finishing a book we no longer enjoy and should put down, because we’re already halfway through it. If quitting is “not your thing,” you may be especially susceptible to this bias.
E)The sunk-cost delusion causes us to overly worry about what we’ll lose if we move on and not think enough about the costs of not moving on. To offset this bias, deliberately refocus your thinking on the gains so you can more objectively weigh the alternatives. Ask yourself: What might I gain by cutting my losses now? Will you be happier or have time for another (better) opportunity? Then ask yourself: What will it cost me to soldier on? For example, is it possible that you’ll be throwing more good money after what you’ve already lost? Or that you won’t have the energy to capitalize on other promising possibilities?
F)The illusion of control can also interfere with our best judgment, leading us to overestimate our ability to control events and attain a positive outcome. This bias gives us a sense of agency and can promote mental health. However, the bias can also result in escalating commitment to a losing course of action. Especially when combined with an “I’m not a quitter” mentality, feeling like we have more control over an event or person than we do puts us at risk of doubling down when we should pull out.
G)To counteract this bias, consider your situation and make a simple two-column list of what’s in your control and what’s not. Think rigorously. While you may be able to influence other people and various circumstances, you can’t force them to change or go your way.
H)Getting clear on what you can control and what you can’t is essential to making a quality decision about whether to call it quits or persevere. With a written list in hand, you can ensure you focus on what you can control and better assess whether your continued efforts are worth the expense. Expending effort and emotion on things you can’t control can be both draining and disempowering.
I)Research indicates that people link their self-identity and social status to their commitments. And because we identify with our commitments, withdrawing from one can feel like a threat to our identity or status.
J)Take my client Ryan, a leader at a technology company. Ryan had invested two years and a lot of effort in a design project that wasn’t delivering the needed outcomes, but the thought of abandoning it after all she had put in was hard to bear. As Ryan and I explored whether she should cancel the initiative she’d been leading or continue to persevere, she stated, “The thing is, I’m not a quitter.” This singular, fixed sense of self was clouding her judgment and limiting her choices for action.
K)Our self-concept and identity are mental concepts that influence our behavior. If you strongly identify as not being a quitter, you can end up staying stuck in a course of action due to your narrow and rigid self-concept. To overcome this kind of internal obstacle, recall your other positive traits and personality characteristics. Ask yourself: What additional strengths do I have (or aspire to have) that would be helpful to employ here? For example, when I asked Ryan what other positive qualities from her personality she needed to leverage for decision making, she replied, “Discernment and bravery.”
L)Now, examine your situation through the lens of each of these facets of yourself. What does the discerning part of you say? The brave part? Considering your decision through these different characteristics will enable you to see that you have more choices. It’s also helpful to seek external sources of information, rather than relying solely on your thinking and instincts. But it’s important to think through whose opinions you solicit.
M)Ideally, seek out people who are less invested in your decision than you are. If you’re considering whether to shut down your entrepreneurial venture, for instance, reach out to other founders as opposed to just your business partner. Similarly, if you’re looking for love advice, ask someone removed from the ups and downs of your relationship instead of relying only on your best friend. In all cases, I recommend describing your situation and following up with a question like: “How would you manage this situation?”
N)Alternately, you could also seek out hard data that illuminates your real chance of success in whatever endeavor you are contemplating. Sticking with the example of the entrepreneurial venture, numbers are your best friend. Use them to remove yourself from the love you have for this idea and consider your burn rate relative to growth plan, industry growth rates, and other factors that predict start-up success. External sources of information can help you see angles and possibilities you might not have considered.
O)When something that seemed so promising at the start doesn’t turn out the way we imagined, we can become overly self-critical. Nobody likes to feel that they’ve made a poor decision, especially if making intelligent
decisions is a quality you hold in high esteem. The most effective strategy here is to give yourself a break. Practicing self-compassion increases your resilience (韧性), emotional intelligence, compassion toward others, and can boost your performance as well as help you develop a growth mindset.
P)Instead of deliberating and criticizing yourself, focus instead on what you can learn from this situation. For example, Ryan recognized she had developed various new skills and leadership capabilities from leading the design project. And despite ultimately deciding to drop it, she was still happy she had tried and grateful for what the experience taught her.
Q)Undeniably, perseverance can help us succeed. But for your wellbeing, it’s important to learn how to distinguish quitting too soon and clinging to a losing course of action. While letting go can be difficult, it will free up your time, energy, and mental space to imagine new possibilities and pursue new opportunities.

37.

Feeling like they have more control over something or someone than they do, people get more committed to their pursuit when they should give up.

参考答案F

解析题干所说人们觉得自己对某事或某人有比实际更多的控制权，在应该放弃时却更执着于追求，与F段中“the bias can also result in escalating commitment to a losing course of action. Especially when combined with an ‘I’m not a quitter’ mentality, feeling like we have more control over an event or person than we do puts us at risk of doubling down when we should pull out”意思相符。答案：F

38.

If you regard yourself as one who never quits, you may end up trapped in your course of action.

参考答案K

解析题干说如果你认为自己是从不放弃的人，最终可能会被困在行动进程中。原文K段提到“If you strongly identify as not being a quitter, you can end up staying stuck in a course of action due to your narrow and rigid self - concept”，与题干意思相符。答案：K

39.

One of the author’s clients found it hard to give up a design project, in which she had put in a lot of time and effort.

参考答案J

解析题干说作者的一位客户难以放弃一个投入大量时间和精力的设计项目，J段提到作者的客户Ryan在一个设计项目上投入了两年时间和大量精力，难以接受放弃它，与题干信息相符。答案：J

40.

The author suggests that one should direct their thoughts to the gains of quitting timely so as to move on.

参考答案E

解析文中E段提到为了抵消沉没成本谬误带来的偏见，要将思维重新聚焦于收益，这样才能更客观地权衡选择，与题目中作者建议人们将想法导向及时放弃所能获得的收益以便继续前进的意思相符。答案：E

41.

When making a decision, you’d better ask for opinions of those who have less stake in your decision.

参考答案M

解析题干说做决策时最好征求那些与你的决策利益关联较小的人的意见，这与M段中“Ideally, seek out people who are less invested in your decision than you are.”表述相符。答案：M

42.

For people associating their identity with their commitments, quitting can feel like their identity is threatened.

参考答案I

解析题干意思是对于那些将自己的身份与承诺联系起来的人来说，放弃会让他们觉得自己的身份受到了威胁，与I段中“Research indicates that people link their self - identity and social status to their commitments. And because we identify with our commitments, withdrawing from one can feel like a threat to our identity or status.”表述一致。答案：I

43.

People who regard highly the quality of making wise decisions do not feel good when they make a bad one.

参考答案O

解析题干说重视明智决策能力的人在做出糟糕决策时会感觉不好，与O段中“Nobody likes to feel that they’ve made a poor decision, especially if making intelligent decisions is a quality you hold in high esteem”表述相符。答案：O

44.

The wisest leaders learn to distinguish between giving up too soon and sticking with something irrationally.

参考答案C

解析题干说最明智的领导者懂得区分过早放弃和不理智地坚持，C段提到“the smartest leaders learn to discern the difference between quitting too soon and holding onto something that they shouldn’t”，与题干意思相符。答案：C

45.

When people are thinking of an endeavor, they should dig out reliable data that tells them how likely they are to succeed.

参考答案N

解析题干说人们考虑一项事业时，应挖掘能表明成功可能性的可靠数据，与N段“Alternately, you could also seek out hard data that illuminates your real chance of success in whatever endeavor you are contemplating.”表述相符。答案：N

46.

Having a clear view of what’s in your control and what’s not is vital to making a good decision regarding whether to give up or stick it out.

参考答案H

解析题干强调明确可控和不可控因素对决定是否放弃或坚持至关重要，这与H段首句“Getting clear on what you can control and what you can’t is essential to making a quality decision about whether to call it quits or persevere”意思相符。答案：H

Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
As interdependent beings we cannot thrive independent of others. We like to work with people who are like-minded, with whom we share a common interest, or who also believe in a cause we are serious about. This is evident in how we have organised ourselves into various collective groups such as nations, regions, communities, organisations, and families.
Does the group you belong to have a strong collective consciousness or shared beliefs? Is there interdependence among its members? Do you consider this group a significant part of your existence? If your answers are affirmative, then you are experiencing a micro version of solidarity.
What is solidarity? Its simplest definition in the dictionary is: “…a unifying opinion, feeling, purpose or interest among a group of people.”
In this increasingly diverse society we live in, solidarity takes on a complex and multifaceted character as it forms bonds of interdependence among unique individuals living in a fast-changing environment and working within a complex division of labour.
One facet of solidarity fits well with the principles of communitarianism (社群主义). In this setting, individuals give up their own interests to serve the common good. However, its strict adherence to social cohesiveness and exclusiveness restricts expression and practice of individual differences and preferences. Consequently, individuality and autonomy is sacrificed to maintain the unity of the group.
Solidarity is also viewed as a reaction to the extreme emphasis on individualism and freedom of choice. It goes against the liberal idea of unrestricted individuals who see society as a hindrance to their freedom to make choices and to act according to what is good for them regardless of how these will affect others.
But despite its many facets, social theorists have viewed solidarity as a key factor in bringing about order and progress in society. They believe that for human society to survive as it becomes more diverse, more new bonds need to be formed based on the differences. In the light of this, they regard a genuine solidarity as more than just shallow relationships based on common interests. Solidarity is not just a product of strategic calculations of how much it will benefit the self. It is not an exclusive class founded on the you-and-me-against-the-world principle. Rather, it is inclusive and is not forced. Acting out of solidarity means supporting and standing up for each other—in recognition that one’s fate is in the fate of the other. It is a bond characterised by cooperative practices and strengthened by the concern for the well-being of others or the common good. It fights for the protection of human dignity and listens to and acts on the cries of the most vulnerable.

47.

What does the author say about human beings?

A.They cannot prosper without cooperating with each other.
B.They share a common interest and believe in a just cause.
C.They think and behave alike in different social groups.
D.They cannot gain independence without fighting for it.

参考答案A

解析文章首句“As interdependent beings we cannot thrive independent of others.”表明人类作为相互依存的个体，离开他人无法繁荣发展，即不相互合作就无法成功。A选项符合文意。答案：A

48.

What do we learn about solidarity in an increasingly diverse society?

A.It gives rise to a complicated division of labour.
B.It involves many aspects with great complexity.
C.It brings individuals together as environment changes.
D.It embraces the characteristics of different individuals.

参考答案B

解析文中提到在日益多样化的社会中，团结具有复杂和多方面的特点。选项B“它涉及许多方面，非常复杂”与原文表述相符。答案：B

49.

What would we witness in the setting of communitarianism?

A.Ruling of social norms and ridding of individuality.
B.Emphasis on the adherence to individual differences.
C.Sacrifice of personal interests for the common good.
D.Elimination of individualism and personal choices.

参考答案C

解析文中提到在社群主义环境下“individuals give up their own interests to serve the common good”，即个人会放弃自身利益服务公共利益。答案C与之相符。答案：C

50.

What does solidarity entail according to the passage?

A.A limit to personal differences.
B.An opposition to individualism.
C.A hindrance to social advancement.
D.An inevitable end to liberal pursuits.

参考答案B

解析文章提到团结是对极端个人主义和自由选择过度强调的一种反应，它与那种无限制的个人主义观点相悖，说明团结意味着对个人主义的一种反对。A选项，文章虽提到社群主义中个体为集体放弃自身利益，但这不是团结的普遍内涵；C选项，文中说团结是社会秩序和进步的关键因素，并非阻碍；D选项，文中未提及团结会使自由追求不可避免地终结。答案：B

51.

What do social theorists think of solidarity?

A.It is especially relevant to the most vulnerable.
B.It is most effective in protecting human dignity.
C.It is essential to progress and order in society.
D.It is indispensable to avoiding shallow relationships.

参考答案C

解析文中提到“social theorists have viewed solidarity as a key factor in bringing about order and progress in society”，说明社会理论家认为团结对社会秩序和进步至关重要。答案：C

Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
People who repeatedly give unwanted advice can be well-meaning and genuinely want to help. Others might do this out of a sense of self-worth around the ability to influence others. One study found that people with a high tendency to seek power were more likely to give advice than those with an opposite tendency.
Under the guise (外表) of unselfishness, people may be driven to give you unwanted advice because it makes them feel powerful or in control. They may not be fully aware of this drive, however.
These people may also display a problematic degree of emotional vulnerability, becoming upset very quickly, and taking a long time to calm down. It is possible that their emotions were only validated in childhood when they were at their loudest, encouraging them to adopt responses to discomfort that are excessive in most situations.
When someone is giving advice in order to make themselves feel more powerful, there is underlying anxiety to their behavior that recipients of the advice tend to notice. It can be tempting in this situation to react harshly to the advice giver and to accuse them of being manipulative, but this approach might produce an undesirable result.
If the act of giving advice is contributing actively to someone’s feelings of self-worth, an outright (直率的) rejection may be perceived as a threat, activating their fight-or-flight response, possibly causing them to double down on their validation-seeking behavior, or leading to a larger conflict.
The key is to validate without over-identifying. You can let them know that you have heard them and appreciate where they are coming from without taking on the potentially damaging narrative that you could not have gotten by without their help. You had better say something like, “Thanks for the idea. I have my own plan for handling this, but I really appreciate your perspective and will take it into consideration. Can I let you know when I need help in the future?”
If you have trouble setting boundaries tactfully, prioritize working on your own ability to self-regulate. As uncomfortable as it may make you continuously receiving unwanted advice, if you can respond with compassion, the situation will likely diffuse much faster.
Though it is usually not the intended outcome of giving unsolicited advice, many who receive it often feel stressed, offended, or simply annoyed by unwanted suggestions. Setting a boundary in this regard, if you feel you need one, is perfectly reasonable and something that can bring you increased emotional safety.
It is best to set boundaries in a way that takes into account the individual’s underlying reasons for doing what they are doing to avoid unnecessary conflict and more stress.

52.

What is the finding of one study about people who keep giving unsolicited advice?

A.They turn out to be well-meaning.
B.They are capable of influencing others.
C.They are genuinely kind-hearted.
D.They are inclined to crave for power.

参考答案D

解析文中提到“One study found that people with a high tendency to seek power were more likely to give advice than those with an opposite tendency”，说明研究发现不断给出未经请求建议的人有追求权力的倾向。答案：D

53.

What is the problem with people who are driven to give you unsolicited advice?

A.They may be quick to upset others.
B.They want their voice to be the loudest.
C.They may be emotionally vulnerable.
D.They respond to discomfort excessively.

参考答案B

54.

What is the advice receiver tempted to do when noticing the advice giver’s underlying anxiety?

A.Reveal the undesirable result of their approach.
B.Bring their real motives to the surface.
C.Refuse their advice in an undisguised manner.
D.Accuse them of trying to control others.

参考答案D

解析文中提到当建议接受者注意到建议者潜在的焦虑时，会忍不住严厉回应并指责他们爱操纵人，也就是指责他们试图控制他人。答案：D

55.

How is the advice giver likely to react to the rejection of their advice?

A.They may regard it as a threat.
B.They get ready for a larger conflict.
C.They may modify their behavior.
D.They begin to doubt their self-worth.

参考答案A

解析文中提到若给予建议的行为对某人的自我价值感有积极作用，直率的拒绝可能被视为威胁。答案选A，因为B项“准备好更大冲突”并非直接反应；C项“改变行为”与原文不符；D项“怀疑自我价值”未提及。答案：A

56.

What should the advice receiver do to avoid unnecessary conflict?

A.Concede the advice is perfectly reasonable.
B.Give their reasons for not taking the advice.
C.Understand why the advice giver offers the advice.
D.Explain their chosen way of handling the situation.

参考答案C

解析文章最后提到最好以考虑到对方给出建议背后原因的方式来设定边界，以避免不必要的冲突。选项C“理解建议者提供建议的原因”符合文意。答案：C

四、翻译题

主观题不参与评分，请参考答案自行评分。

57.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中华民族崇尚自强自立的精神，这一精神深植于中国文化之中，是民族生存与发展的重要支撑。改革开放以来，中国在自强自立的征程上，持续加大科研投入，在信息技术、人工智能、航天工程等领域不断取得新突破。5G网络覆盖全国，远程医疗发展迅速，电子支付的使用全球领先，嫦娥探月工程展现了航天领域引人注目的发展。自强自立精神成为推动国家现代化进程的强大动力，激励着中国人民为实现民族复兴（rejuvenation）的中国梦不断奋进。

参考答案【参考译文】 The Chinese nation advocates the spirit of self‑improvement and self‑reliance, which is deeply rooted in Chinese culture and serves as an important support for the survival and development of the nation. Since the reform and opening up, on the journey toward self‑improvement and self‑reliance, China has continuously increased investment in scientific research and made constant new breakthroughs in fields such as information technology, artificial intelligence and aerospace engineering. The 5G network covers the whole country, telemedicine has developed rapidly, the use of electronic payment leads the world, and the Chang’e lunar exploration program demonstrates remarkable progress in the aerospace field. The spirit of self‑improvement and self‑reliance has become a strong driving force for the country’s modernization and inspires the Chinese people to strive continuously to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

解析核心词汇规范准确：self-improvement and self-reliance 自强自立、scientific research 科研、aerospace engineering 航天工程、telemedicine 远程医疗、electronic payment 电子支付、driving force 动力、national rejuvenation 民族复兴；运用定语从句、并列结构等处理中文长句。