高等教育自学考试《13124英语（专）》模拟试卷一
一、第一部分——阅读判断
每题1分，共10分
Worries of Writers It is divue that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more.But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.
I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions.One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’ re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down.Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work.
Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas [ known as “mentalese” (心理语) ].And writing our ideas down is an act of divanslation from that symbolic language.But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapesdivy (织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time.Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple.It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.
When people write as if some sdivict critics (批评家) are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start.Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem.When writing we should have two different minds.At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down.It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage mad check for weaknesses.
参考答案A
细节理解题。由文章第一段中的“It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more”可知，要想写出好文章，改写很多遍是十分必要的，题干表述与文章意思相符，因此选A项。
参考答案C
参考答案B
参考答案A
参考答案B
参考答案A
参考答案B
参考答案C
参考答案A
参考答案B
二、第一部分——阅读选择
每题2分，共10分
A Special Gift What makes a gift special? Is it the price you see on the gift receipt? Or is it the look on the recipient’s face when they receive it that determines the divue value? What gift is worth the most?
This Christmas I was debating what to give my father.My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything.I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my morn saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that had locked.The message was from my father.My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming, and underneath a poem by William Blake.The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me.My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid.That may even be the reason why I love writing.I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.
I called hack.I told my morn to go without me and that I already created my gift.I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it.As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind.The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other.I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it.The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture.The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream.As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood, I felt that this was a gift that my father would divuly appreciate.
Christmas soon arrived.The minute I saw the look on my dad’s face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift.
参考答案C
细节理解题。由第二段中间部分“I pulled out my phone…when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked”可知，作者在思考给父亲买什么圣诞礼物时，突然翻到手机里父亲给他发的一首诗，便决定送父亲一首诗，这便是特殊的礼物。故作者对特殊礼物的想法是从短信中得来的。C项符合题意，故选C。
参考答案A
参考答案D
参考答案D
参考答案B
三、第二部分——概括段落大意和补全句子
每题1分，共10分
International Advertising ① International advertising entails dissemination of a commercial message to target audiences in more than one coundivy.Target audiences differ from coundivy to coundivy in terms of how they perceive or interpret symbols or stimuli, respond to humor or emotional appeals, as well as in levels of literacy and languages spoken.
② How the advertising function is organized also varies.In some cases, multinational firms cendivalize advertising decisions and budgets and use the same or a limited number of agencies worldwide.In other cases, budgets are decendivalized and placed in the hands of local subsidiaries, resulting in greater use of local advertising agencies.
③ International advertising can, therefore, be viewed as a communication process that takes place in multiple cultures that differ in terms of values, communication styles, and consumption patterns.International advertising is also a business activity involving advertisers and the advertising agencies that create ads and buy media in different coundivies.The sum total of these activities constitutes a worldwide indusdivy that is growing in importance.International advertising is also a major force that both reflects social values, and propagates certain values worldwide.
④ In international markets the process of communicating to a target audience is more complex because communication takes place across multiple contexts, which differ in terms of language, literacy, and other cultural factors.In addition, media differ in their effectiveness in carrying different appeals.A message may, therefore, not get through to the audience because of people's inability to understand it (due to literacy problems), because they misinterpret the message by attaching different meanings to the words or symbols used, or because they do not respond to the message due to a lack of income to purchase the advertised product.Media limitations also play a role in the failure of a communication to reach its intended audience.
⑤ The process of communication in international markets involves a number of steps.First, the advertiser determines the appropriate message for the target audience.Next, the message is encoded so that it will be clearly understood in different cultural contexts.The message is then sent through media channels to the audience who then decodes and reacts to the message.At each stage in the process, cultural barriers may hamper effective divansmission of the message and result in miscommunication.
Task 1 16.Paragraph ①______
17.Paragraph ②______
18.Paragraph ③______
19.Paragraph ④______
20.Paragraph ⑤______
Task 2
21.International advertising entails dissemination of a commercial message to ______ in many coundivies.
22.Multinational firms cendivalize ______ and use the same or a limited number of agencies worldwide.
23.Besides being seen as a communication process, international advertising is also ______ that both reflects social values, and propagates certain values worldwide.
24.In international markets the process of communicating to a target audience is more complex because ______ differ in terms of language, literacy, and other cultural factors.
25.The ______ determines the appropriate message for the target audience.
参考答案【文章导读】本篇文章主要讲述的是国际广告行业，包括其目标群、组织形式（国外广告商或本地广告商）、特点、传播过程、影响范围等。<br /> 16.A 文章第一段共两句话。第一句通过介绍国际广告的功能，引出了对它的目标对象的着重介绍。因此本段主要讲述的是国际广告的目标群，答案选A项。<br /> 17.C 文章第二段共三句话。第一句就指出广告机构的组织形式是不同的，接着两句话分别举了两个例子来说明。因此本段主要讲述的是广告的组织形式，答案为C项。<br /> 18.E 文章第三段共四句话。分别介绍了国际广告的三个特点，明确了国际广告到底是什么。因此本段主要讲述的是国际广告的定义，故答案为E项。<br /> 19.D 文章第四段共四句话。第一句话介绍国际广告作为一种交流过程是复杂的，在语言和文化层面会有不用。第二句话表明在传达的有效性上也会不同。第三句话说明信息传达错误或不能被读者理解的几种情况。最后一句表示媒体自身的限制也会影响信息传递给目标读者。因此本段讲述的是国际广告作为一种交流过程的复杂，故答案为D项。<br /> 20.B 文章最后一段共五句话。第一句话就表明本段将详细介绍交流过程中的几个步骤。故答案为B项。<br /> 21.C 根据文中第一段第一句话“International advertising entails dissemination of a commercial message to target audiences in more than one country”可知，国际广告负责将商业信息传递给世界上很多国家的目标对象。因此答案为C项。<br /> 22.D 根据文章第二段中的“multinational firms centralize advertising decisions and budgets and use the same or a limited number of agencies worldwide”可知，一部分跨国公司会将广告预案和预算集中化管理，只使用一个或几个国际广告公司来运作。因此答案为D项。<br /> 23.E 根据文章第三段中的“International advertising is also a major force that both reflects social values, and propagates certain values worldwide”可知，国际广告也是一种主要的推动力，能够反映社会价值，并向世界宣传。因此答案为E项。<br /> 24.F 根据第四段第一句话“In international markets the process of communicating to a target audience is more complex because communication takes place across multiple contexts, which differ in terms of language, literacy, and other cultural factors”可知，国际广告作为针对不同目标对象的交流过程其实是很复杂的，因为目标对象所处的文化背景不同，故答案为F项。<br /> 25.A 根据第五段第二句话“the advertiser determines the appropriate message for the target audience”可知，广告商决定适合目标读者的信息。因此答案为A项。
四、第二部分——填句补文
每题2分，共10分
A Motivator He was a natural motivator. 26 Observing this style really made me curious, so one day I went up to Michael and asked him, “I don’t get it! You can’t be a positive person all of the time.How do you manage to be so positive all the time?”
Michael replied, “Each morning I wake up and say to myself, you have two choices today. 27 I choose to be in a good mood.Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or I can choose to learn from it.I choose to learn from it.Every time someone comes to me complaining, I can choose to accept their complaining or I can point out the positive side of life.I choose to point out the positive side of life.”
“I don’t think it’s as easy as that,” I protested.
“Yes, it is,” Michael said.“Life is all about choices.When you cut away all the junk, every situation is a choice. 28 You choose how people affect your mood.It’s your choice how you live your life.” I reflected on what Michael said.
Soon after, I left the company to start my own business. 29
Several years later, I heard that Michael was involved in a serious accident, falling some 60 feet from a communications tower.After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was released from the hospital with rods placed in his back.
I saw him about six months after the accident.When I asked him how he was, he replied, “If I were any better, I’d be winning.Do you want to see my scars?” 30
参考答案【文章导读】文章讲述了一个浑身充满动力，总能积极看待事物的人，他认为人生充满了选择，我们应该选择积极的一面，而不是消极的一面。<br /> 26.C 句意：如果某个员工那天很糟糕，他就会告诉那个员工怎么以积极的方式去看待问题。由下文“Observing this style really made me curious”可知，空格处讲的应该是“this style（这种风格）”相关的内容，C项讲的是迈克尔以积极的方式激励员工的事例，这正是他的处事风格，符合语境，故选C。 <br /> 27.F 句意：你可以选择拥有一个好心情，也可以选择拥有一个坏心情。由下文“I choose to be in a good mood”可知，空格处应该是关于选择的内容，F项符合语境，故选F。 <br /> 28.E 句意：你可以选择处理境遇的方式。由上文“When you cut away all the junk, every situation is a choice.”可知，空格处应该填与situation（情形；境遇）相关的内容，E项符合语境，故选E。 <br /> 29.D 句意：我们失去了联络，但每次遇到困难的选择，我总会想起他。由下文“Several years later.I heard that Michael was involved in a serious accident”可知，作者从那他辞职后就没有联系过迈克尔了，D项符合语境，故选D。 <br /> 30.A 句意：我弯下腰去看他的伤口，然后问了他当意外发生时他在想什么。由上文“Do you want to see my scars”可知，空格处应该填scar或wound相关的内容，A项符合语境，故选A。
五、第二部分——填词补文
每题1.5分，共15分
Cultural Esdivangement (隔阂)between Visitors and Americans A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, 31 and helpful most Americans were to them.To be fair, this observation is also 32 made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.There are, of course, exceptions.Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and 33 taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
For a long period of time and in many parts of the coundivy, a divaveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.Dullness and 34 were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another.Sdivangers and divavelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.
The harsh realities 35 the frontier also shaped this divadition of hospitality.Someone divaveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn 36 to the nearest cabin or settlement.It was not a matter of choice for the divaveler or merely a charidiv impulse on the part of the settlers.It reflected the 37 of daily life: if you didn't take in the sdivanger and take care of him, there was no one else who would.And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.
Today there are many charidiv organizations which specialize in helping the weary divavelers. 38 , the old divadition of hospitality to sdivangers is still very sdivong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist divails."I was just divaveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.The 39 friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural divadition.
As is divue of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns.Visitors who fail to "divanslate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural 40 of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture.It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest.Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and sdivangers.
参考答案【文章导读】本篇文章主要讲述的是美国人与游客之间的文化隔阂。从一项外国人对美国人友好助人印象的报道引出话题，谈到美国人普遍待人友善的原因，一些专门帮助旅行者的慈善组织等。<br /> 31.G 句意：从美国回来的游客频繁报道美国人对他们是如何友善助人。分析此句结构，空格处填入形容词与friendly和helpful构成并列。根据前面的friendly（友好的），得知后面对应的是courteous（谦虚的，有礼貌的），因此选C项。<br /> 32.K 句意：公开来讲，加拿大和加拿大人也常常做这样的观察评论。分析句子结构，主干完整，空格处需要副词。结合备选项，此处应填frequently（频繁地），因此选K项。<br /> 33.H 句意：心胸狭隘的官场人士、粗鲁的服务员以及无礼的出租车司机在美国几乎无人不知晓。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要形容词来修饰名词taxi drivers，根据前面的small-minded和rode两个表示贬义的形容词，可判断此处应填ill-mannered （无礼的）。因此选H项。<br /> 34.I 句意：无聊和孤独是住在异国他乡人们常常遇到的问题。分析句子结构可知，此处需要名词与dullness并列，且意思相近。loneliness表示“孤独”，符合意思，因此选I项。<br /> 35.D 句意：边远地区的残酷现实也有助于形成待人友善的传统。空格处前后分别是两个名词或名词短语，因此空格处需要介词来连接。因此选D项。<br /> 36.B 句意：如果独自旅行，碰到饥饿、受伤或生病的情况，往往没有地方可去，只能去附近的小屋或者住所。分析句子结构，主干完整，空格处需要介词。结合备选项，except表示“除了……之外”，符合句意，因此选B项。<br /> 37.C 句意：这反映了日常生活的残酷性：如果你不接纳并照顾这个陌生人，就没有人会这样做了。分析句子结构，此处需要名词。结合备选项，harshness表示“残酷性”，符合句意，因此选C项。<br /> 38.J 句意：然而，待陌生人友善的古老传统在美国依然盛行。分析句子结构，此处需要副词。空格前文表示，有慈善机构专门帮助有需要的游客。此处可以用yet表示转折，因此选J项。<br /> 39.A 句意：美国人如此随意的友好不应该被理解为表面上的或者虚伪的，而应当是历史发展的文化传统。分析句子结构，此处需要形容词修饰名词friendliness，结合备选项，casual表示“随意的”，符合句意，因此选A项。<br /> 40.F 句意：当美国人使用“friend”这个词时，它的文化内涵与游客的文化和语言是有差异的。分析句子结构，此处需要名词，cultural implications表示“文化内涵”，因此选F项。
六、第二部分——完形补文
每题1.5分，共15分
Eating habits Eating habits change from generation to generation.Before scientists learned about vitamins and other constituents of food, such as proteins and carbohydrates (碳水化合物), people believed in eating large quantities of food and were not concerned so much about a 41 ( balance ) diet.A hearty, eighteenth century meal could consist of as many as twenty courses and would 42 (probable) knock out many of us today.The Romans were famous for their 43 (enormously) feasts and insatiable appetites.
In the year 2020, people's eating habits may be just as 44 (surprise) but in a very different sort of way.With a world-wide 45 (grow) in population, food 46 (produce) will become exclusively 47 (machine) and scientific.There may well be an end to food as we know it today.Meals, as we know them may become a thing of the past.Food constituents and vitamins may be taken in the form of capsules (胶囊), divts and pills.The thought of these highly 48 ( artificiality) food constituents replacing present day foods may not be very 49 (adivivaction) , but they may be the answer to food 50 (short) and world famine.
参考答案【文章导读】本篇文章主要讲述的是人类的饮食习惯随着时间增长和技术的发展而变化。在发现维生素和蛋白质之前，人们不太在意饮食的营养。如今，食物的成分和维生素可以用胶囊来代替，可以解决未来世界饥饿问题。<br /> 41.balanced 句意：人们只是吃大量的食物，并不在意饮食的营养平衡。此处需填一个形容词来修饰名词diet。因此填balance的形容词形式balanced。<br /> 42.probably 句意：在十八世纪，一顿丰盛的膳食会有二十道菜，可能让许多人惊叹。分析句子结构，此处需填一个副词来修饰后面的整个句子，因此应填probable的副词形式probably。<br /> 43.enormous 句意：当时的罗马人饮食的丰盛和奢华是出了名的。分析句子结构，此处需填一个形容词来修饰名词feasts，构成的短语与insatiable appetites并列。因此填enormously的形容词形式enormous。<br /> 44.surprising 句意：到2020年的时候，人们的膳食习惯可能会非常令人吃惊，而且肯定会和现在有很大的不同。分析句子结构，此处需填一个形容词作表语。结合上下文，此处应填surprise的形容词形式surprising。<br /> 45.growth 句意：随着世界人口的增长，粮食产量会变得机械化和技术化。空格前面是一个形容词，因此分析出后面应该跟一个被其修饰的名词，所以应填grow的名词形式growth。<br /> 46.production 分析句子结构，缺主语，因此需要一个名词结构的词，空格处填入名词，所以填produce的名词形式production。<br /> 47.mechanical 此处需填一个形容词与and后面的形容词scientific并列。因此填machine的形容词形式mechanical。<br /> 48.artificial 句意：将这些高度人工的食品成分取代现在食品的想法或许并不那么有吸引力。分析句子结构，空格前面是一个副词，后面是一个名词，此处需填一个形容词。因此填artificiality的形容词形式artificial。<br /> 49.attractive 空格前面有be，空格处需填一个形容词来作表语，因此填attraction的形容词形式attractive。<br /> 50.shortage 句意：但是（人工食品成分）很有可能成为粮食短缺和世界饥荒的解决办法。分析句子结构，and前后为并列的名词性短语，因此此处需填一个名词。因此应填short的名词形式shortage。
七、第二部分——短文写作
30分
·你将拿出什么物品进行交换
·具体介绍该物品
·你希望换回什么物品
·请愿意交换的朋友给你留言
注意：（1）词数l20左右；
（2）格式不限；
（3）文中不得使用考生真实姓名和学校名称。
参考答案Recently, the phenomenon of stuff exchanging has drawn my attention.For me, I am looking forward to getting a watch by giving my computer out.<br />There are two reasons for this exchange.For one thing, this computer, popular-brand and stable, is idle at my home.Though it looks a bit old, the software and hardware function well in it.For another, never have I worn a watch and I am really in need of one.I can exchange my computer with you on condition that your watch is as valuable as my computer.Of course, however, I will not accept a broken stuff.<br />By the way, I hope anyone who is interested in my computer can leave a comment beneath, and I am glad to tell you every detail about it.<br /> 【范文点评】<br /> 文章结构合理，层次清晰，第一段说明了自己想交换的物品，第二段阐述了原因，说明了要求，第三段提醒别人留言，表明自己的诚意。<br /> 【闪光词汇】<br />exchange交换<br />idle闲置的<br />function运转<br />on condition that在……条件下<br />broken坏掉的