国外英语考试《雅思》试题（网友回忆版）三

参考答案1.central<br />　　(本题考查对于细节的把握。根据原文What about the location? It’d be nice to be central.两句可知，答案为central。)<br />　　2.600<br />　　(本题考查钱数，应填数字。原文中提到rent时，回答者说We’d like something around￡500 a month, but we could go up to￡600.其中￡500为干扰信息, maximum和up to同义，故答案为600。)<br />　　3.2 year(s)<br />　　(本题考查时间长度，原文中We’re at college here for two years指明答案。需要注意，文中six morth为干扰信息。)

参考答案4.garage<br />　　(本题为细节题，原文It doesn’t have a garage.中的garage为答案。)<br />　　5.garden<br />　　(根据原文there’s a big garden可知答案为garden。需注意large与big同义，听时要快速转换。)<br />　　6.study<br />　　(根据原文对该房间的描述可知，本题填study，意为“书房”。)<br />　　7.noisy<br />　　(根据原文描述该房间that’ll be very noisy一句可知，本题答案为noisy。)<br />　　8.595<br />　　(本题考查数字，根据原文可知，月租金为￡595。)

参考答案B E (IN EITHER ORDER)<br />　　本题需注意排除干扰项，五个选项均有提到, 依次顺序为选项D sports centre—under construction；选项E swimming pool—already open;选项A museum—the process of being converted；选项C cinema—closed down last year；选项B concert hall— existing, 根据题干at the moment可知答案为B、E。<br />【听力原文】<br />W: Good morning.How can I help you?<br />M: Hello.I'm interested in renting a house somewhere in the town.<br />W: Right.Could I have your name please?<br />M: Yes, it's Steven Godfrey.<br />W: And tell me how many bedrooms you're looking for.<br />M: Well, we'd need four, because I'm going to share the house with three friends.<br />W: Okay, there are several of that size on our books.They mostly belong to families who are working abroad at the moment.What about the location?<br />M: It'd be nice to be central.<br />W: That might be difficult, as most houses of that size are in the suburbs.Still, there are a few.What's your upper limit for the rent?<br />M: We'd like something around £500 a month, but we could go up to £600 if we have to.But we can't go beyond that.<br />W: Do you know how long you want to rent the house for? The minimum let is six months, as you probably realise.<br />M: We're at college here for two years, and we don't want to have to move during that time if we can avoid it.<br />W: Right.And how soon do you want to move in? All our lets start on the first of the month.<br />M: Well, as soon as possible, really, so that means September 1st.<br />W: Okay, let me have a look at what we've got.We have photographs of all the houses on our books, so you can get an idea of what they're like.There's this one in Oakington Avenue, at ￡550 a month.Combined living room and dining room, with a separate kitchen.It doesn't have a garage, though you can park in the road.<br />M: Ah, we'd prefer to have one, if possible.<br />W: Right.Then have a look at this house, in Mead Street.It's got a very large living room and kitchen, bathroom, cloakroom...<br />M: How much is it?<br />W: That one's 580.It's very well furnished and equipped.It also has plenty of space for parking, and it's available for a minimum of a year.Oh, and there's a big garden.<br />M: I don't think we could cope with that, to be honest.We'll be too busy to look after it.<br />W: Okay.Then there's this older house in Hamilton Road: living room, kitchen-diner, and it has a study.550 a month.<br />M: That looks rather nice.But whereabouts in Hamilton Road?<br />W: Towards the western end.<br />M: Oh, that'll be very noisy.I know the area.<br />W: Yes, it's pretty lively.Some people like it, though.Well, what about this house in Devon Close?<br />M: That looks lovely.<br />W: There's a big demand for houses in that area, so prices tend to be quite high.But this one hasn't been decorated for a few years, which has kept the rent down a bit.It's got a living room, dining room and small kitchen, and it's 595 a month.I think it would suit you, from what you've said.<br />M: It sounds fine.<br />M: Why's that part of town so popular?<br />W: Well, there's a big scheme to improve the district, and it'll soon have the best facilities for miles around.<br />M: What sort of thing?<br />W: There's a big sports centre under construction, which will be very impressive when it's finished.In fact the swimming pool's already opened, ahead of schedule, and it's attracting a lot of people.<br />M: What about cinemas: are there any in the area?<br />W: The only one closed down last year, and it's now in the process of being converted into a film museum.The local people are trying to get a new cinema added to the scheme.<br />M: I think I heard something about a plan to replace the existing concert hall with a larger one.<br />W: Ah, that's due to start next year.<br />M: Well it sounds an interesting area to live in.Could I go and see the house, please?<br />W: Yes, of course.

参考答案11.classical music／(classical／music)concerts<br />　　(根据原文It’s famous throughout the world as one of the major venues for classical music.可知，答案为classical music。题干中的well known for与famous for／as同义。)<br />　　12.bookshop／bookstore<br />　　(本题为细节题，根据题干中的concert rooms、theatres、cinemas、art galleries、public library、restaurants可知，随后提到的bookshop即为答案。)<br />　　13.planned<br />　　(原文中…but it was planned in the 60s, built in the 70s一句与题干1960s—1970s相对应，故答案为planned。此题应注意句式的转换。)<br />　　14.l983／(the)1980s<br />　　(本题考查对于数字及年代的知识，与上一题间隔较短，答案应与1940和1960s-1970s两个年代并列。)<br />　　15.City Council<br />　　(根据原文It’s run by the City Council.可知答案为City Council，题干的managed与run同义。)<br />　　16.363<br />　　(本题为细节题，考查考生对数字的熟悉程度。)

参考答案17.(the) Garden Hall<br />　　(本题为细节题，考查考生对于细节的把握，答案为Garden Hall。)<br />　　18.Three Lives<br />　　(本题为细节题，考查Canadian film的名称，故答案为Three Lives。)<br />　　19.4.50<br />　　(本题考查对于钱数的掌握。需注意￡4.50的读法为four pounds fifty。)<br />　　20.Faces of China<br />　　(本题与第18题相似，考查art exhibition的名称，为Faces of China。)<br />　　【听力原文】<br />　　Hello, and welcome to Focus on the Arts.I'm your host - Dave Green—and this is your very own local radio programme.Every Friday evening we put the spotlight on different arts and culture facilities, and look at the shows and events that are on offer in the coming week.<br />　　And today the focus is on The National Arts Centre.Now, if you don't already know it yourself, I'm sure you've all heard of it.It's famous throughout the world as one of the major venues for classical music.<br />　　But did you know that it is actually much more than just a place to hear concerts? The Centre itself is a huge complex that caters for a great range of arts.Under a single roof it houses concert rooms, theatres, cinemas, art galleries and a wonderful public library, as well as service facilities including three restaurants and a bookshop.So at any one time, the choice of entertainment there is simply enormous.<br />　　So, how did they manage to build such a big arts complex right in the heart of the city? Well, the area was completely destroyed by bombs during the war in 1940.So the opportunity was taken to create a cultural centre that would be, what they called: 'the City's gift to the Nation'.Of course it took a while for such a big project to get started, but it was planned in the 60s, built in the 70s and eventually opened to the public in 1983.Eversince then it has proved to be a great success.It is not privately owned, like many arts centres, but is still in public hands—it's run by the City Council.Both our National Symphony Orchestra and National Theatre Company were involved in the planning of the project, and they are now based there - giving regular performances every week—and as the Centre is open 363 days of the year, there are plenty of performances to choose from.<br />　　So, to give you some idea of what's on, and to help you choose from the many possibilities, we've made a selection of the star attractions.<br />　　If you're interested in classical music, then we recommend you go along to the National on either Monday or Tuesday evening at 7.30 for a spectacular production of 'The Magic Flute'—probably the most popular of all Mozart's operas.It's in the Garden Hall and tickets start  at only ￡8.00, but you'll have to be early if you want to get them that cheap! And remember, it's only on for those two evenings.<br />　　For those more interested in the cinema, you might like to see the new Canadian film which is showing on Wednesday evening at 8pm in Cinema 2.And that's called 'Three Lives.' It's had fantastic reviews and tickets cost just £4.50, which is a reduction on the usual price of £5.50.So, it's really good value, especially for such a great movie.<br />　　But you can see the centre's main attraction at the weekend, because on Saturday and Sunday, 11 am to 10 pm, they're showing a wonderful new exhibition that hasn't been seen anywhere else in Europe yet.It's a collection of Chinese Art called 'Faces of China'—that's in Gallery 1—and it has some really fascinating paintings and sculptures by leading artists from all over China - and the good news is that it is completely free, so don't miss it!<br />　　So why not go along to the National Arts Centre next week for one - or all - of these great events—and you can always pick up a programme and check out all the other performances and exhibitions on offer, or coming soon, on almost every day of the year.<br />　　Next week we'll be looking at the new Museum of Science...

参考答案C

参考答案C

参考答案A

参考答案B

参考答案C

参考答案A

参考答案27.C  原文If it was to do with people in the village rather than those in the public sphere, I would(假如是关于村庄里的人，而不是在公共领域的话，我会的)所用的是虚拟语气, 用肯定表否定。<br />　　28.A  根据原文I’ll put that down as a definite.故A为正确选项。<br />　　29.B  根据原文…talk to some other students first and we can talk about it again late(先和其他学生讨论, 我们可以稍后再谈),故选项B为正确答案。<br />　　30.C  根据原文I’d much sooner do something else, then(我宁愿做点别的), 故答案为C。I’d sooner与I’d rather同义, 都表示“宁愿…”的意思。<br />　　【听力原文】<br />　　W: I've been reading your personal statement, Paul.First, let's talk about your work experience in South America.What took you there? Was it to gain more fluency in Spanish?<br />　　M: Well, as I'm combining Spanish with Latin American studies, my main idea was to find out more about the way people lived there.My spoken Spanish was already pretty good in fact.<br />　　W: So you weren't too worried about language barriers?<br />　　M: No.In fact, I ended up teaching English there, although that wasn't my original choice of work.<br />　　W: I see.How did you find out about all this?<br />　　M: I found an agency that runs all kinds of voluntary projects in South America.<br />　　W: What kind of work?<br />　　M: Well, there were several possibilities.<br />　　W: You mean construction? Engineering work?<br />　　M: Yes, getting involved in building projects was an option.Then there was tourism—aking tourists for walks around the volcanoes—which I actually chose to do, and then there was work with local farmers.<br />　　W: But you didn't continue with that project.Why not?<br />　　M: Because I never really knew whether I'd be needed or not.I'd thought it might be difficult physically, but I was certainly fit enough.., no, I wanted to do something that had more of a proper structure to it, I suppose.I get de-motivated otherwise.<br />　　W: What do you think you learned from your experience? It must have been a great opportunity to examine community life.<br />　　M: Yes, but it was difficult at first to be accepted by the locals.It was a very remote village and some of them were reluctant to speak to me—although they were always interested in my clothes and how much I'd had to pay for them.<br />　　W: Well, that's understandable.<br />　　M: Yes, but things soon improved.What struck me was that when people became more comfortable with me and less suspicious, we really connected with each other in a meaningful way.<br />　　W: You made good friends?<br />　　M: Yes, with two of the families in particular.<br />　　W: Good.What about management.Did you have a project manager?<br />　　M: Yes and he gave me lots of advice and guidance.<br />　　W: And was he good at managing too?<br />　　M: That wasn't his strong point! I think he was often more interested in the academic side of things than filing reports.He was a bit of a dreamer.<br />　　W: And did you have a contract?<br />　　M: I had to stay for a minimum of three months.My parents were surprised when I asked to stay longer—six months in the end.I was so happy there.<br />　　W: And did anything on the administration side of things surprise you? What was the food and lodging like?<br />　　M: Simple...but there was plenty to eat and I only paid seven dollars a day for that which was amazing really.And they gave me all the equipment I needed…even a laptop.<br />　　W: You didn't expect that then?<br />　　M: No.<br />　　W: Well, I'll look forward to hearing more.<br />　　W: But now let's look at these modules.You'll need to start thinking about which ones you'll definitely want to study.The first one here is Gender Studies in Latin America.<br />　　M: Mmm...<br />　　W: It looks at how gender analysis is reconfiguring civil society in Latin America.Women are increasingly occupying positions in government and in other elected leadership positions in Latin America.I think you'd find it interesting.<br />　　M: If it was to do with people in the villages rather than those in the public sphere, I would.<br />　　W: Okay.What about Second Language Acquisition?<br />　　M: Do you think I'd find that useful?<br />　　W: Well, you've had some practical experience in the field, I think it would be.<br />　　M: I hadn't thought about that.I'll put that down as a definite, then.<br />　　W: Okay.What about Indigenous Women's Lives.That sounds appropriate.<br />　　M: I thought so too, but I looked at last year's exam questions and that changed my mind.<br />　　W: Don't judge the value of the course on that.Maybe, talk to some other students first and we can talk about it again later.<br />　　M: Okay.<br />　　W: Yes.And lastly, will you sign up for Portuguese lessons?<br />　　M: My Spanish is good, so would I find that module easy?<br />　　W: Not necessarily.Some people find that Spanish interferes with learning Portuguese...getting the accent right too.It's quite different in a lot of ways.<br />　　M: Well, I'd much sooner do something else, then.<br />　　W: Alright.Now, what we need to do is...

参考答案B

参考答案B

参考答案B

参考答案A

参考答案35.combination／system<br />　　(根据原文中的firstly, another等递进关系词即可找出本题答案。)<br />　　36.safety<br />　　(根据原文the modifications might compromise safety in some way可知，答案为safety。需要注意与modification属同意替换。)<br />　　37.attitude(s)<br />　　(原文中These involve adjusting attitudes一句指明答案为attitudes。需注意，题干中的change在原文中替换成了adjusting。)<br />　　38.control(s)<br />　　(原文they involve exerting strict controls on the organisational and operational systems中的controls为本题答案，题干中的rigorous在原文中替换成了strict。)<br />　　39.factory／factories<br />　　(细节题。根据原文Not merely duplicating the physical characteristics of the factory可知，答案为factory。)<br />　　40.skills<br />　　(细节题。根据原文but also duplicating the skills that the original employees had.可知，skills为本题答案。)<br />　　【听力原文】<br />　　Good morning, everyone.In the last few lectures I've been dealing with business finance, but now I'm going to move on to business systems.And in today's lecture I'm going to talk about what can go wrong when businesses try to copy their own best practices.<br />　　Once a business has successfully introduced a new process - managing a branch bank, say, or selling a new product—the parent organisation naturally wants to repeat that success, and capture it if possible on a bigger scale.The goal, then, is to utilise existing knowledge and not to generate new knowledge.It's a less glamorous activity than pure innovation, but it actually happens more often, as a matter of fact.However, surprisingly, getting things right the second time is not necessarily any simpler than it was the first time.<br />　　Now, there's been a lot of research into how companies can repeat their previous successes, and it certainly hasn't been confined to the United States.It seems that most large industries are trying to repeat their own successes, and manage the knowledge they've acquired—but even so it has been shown that the overwhelming majority of attempts fail.A host of studies confirm this, covering a wide range of business settings: branch banks, retail stores, real estate agencies, factories, call centres… to name but a few.<br />　　So why do so few managers get things right the second or third time? Let's consider one reason for failure - placing too much trust in the people who are running the successful operation, the 'experts' shall we say.Managers who want to apply existing knowledge typically start off by going to an expert - such as the person who designed and is running a successful department store - and picking their brains.Now, this approach can be used if you want to gain a rough understanding of a particular system, or understand smaller, isolated problems.The trouble is, even the expert doesn't fully grasp the whole thing because when it comes to complex systems, the individual components of the process are interwoven with one another.The expert never has complete access to the necessary information.And the situation's complicated even further by the fact that experts are usually not aware of their own ignorance.The ignorance can take various forms.For instance, a lot of details of the system are invisible to managers.Some may be difficult to describe - learned on the job and well known by workers perhaps, but impossible to describe in a way that's helpful.And there are some things that people know or do that they're not even aware of.<br />　　Now, let's consider two types of mistake that can occur when a manager actually starts to set up a duplicate system to replicate a successful process.Firstly, perhaps he forgets that he was just trying to copy another process, and starts trying to improve on it.Another mistake is trying to use the best parts of various different systems, in the hope of creating the perfect combination.<br />　　Unfortunately, attempts like these usually turn out to be misguided and lead to problems.Why? Well, for various reasons.Perhaps there weren't really any advantages after all, because the information wasn't accurate.Or perhaps the business settings weren't really comparable.More typically, the advantages are real enough, but there are also disadvantages that have been overlooked.For example, the modifications might compromise safety in some way.<br />　　So, what's the solution? Well, I don't intend to suggest that it's easy to get things right the second time.., it's not.But the underlying problem has more to do with attitudes than the actual difficulty of the task, and there are ways of getting it right.These involve adjusting attitudes, first of all….being more realistic and cautious really.Secondly, they involve exerting strict controls on the organisational and operational systems.And this in turn means copying the original as closely as possible.Not merely duplicating the physical characteristics of the factory, but also duplicating the skills that the original employees had.Reliance on a template like this offers the huge advantage of built-in consistency.

参考答案D

参考答案A

参考答案A

参考答案power companies

参考答案safely

参考答案size

参考答案7.B 根据文章第六段when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms可知答案是atoms。文中extract与题干中removing相对应。<br />　　8.C 文章第六段中的guide lightning to Earth也就是题干中所说的control electric charges, 而达到这个目的就需要将激光对准storm clouds。<br />　　9.G 题目考查的是激光是相对于哪种方式更加有安全的技术。根据文章第四段和第五段可知, 第四段说火箭发射的缺点, 第五段说出于安全性的考虑开始使用激光, 因此答案为火箭(rockets)。<br />　　10.D 文章第六段To stop the laser itself being struck…Instead it would be directed at a mirror与题干中的As a protection for the lasers同义, 所以显然本题的答案是mirrors。

参考答案11.NO<br />　　(根据文章第八段But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed可知，所需要的500万美元的资金还没有提上日程。)<br />　　12.YES<br />　　(文章第八段Bernstein的话和He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point-and he's hoping for good news与题目表述相符。)<br />　　13.NOT GIVEN<br />　　(文章并没有提到Diel对于weather forecasters的态度，因此本题答案为NOT GIVEN。)

参考答案14.B  文章第二段prodigies burn too brighay too soon and burn out（神童只是昙花一现）与选项B同义。<br />　　15.C  文章第二段people with gifts have a responsibility to use hem（有天赋之人有责任去发挥天赋）与C选项相对应。<br />　　16.F  文章第二段genius runs in families（天才是家族传统）与F选项相对应。<br />　　17.H  文章第二段we envy the gifted and mistrust them，说明人们并不会真正欣赏天才，故选H选项。<br />　　18.J  文章第二段adversity makes men wise（困境让人变得具有智慧）与J选项同义。

参考答案19.TRUE<br />　　(根据文章第三段得知, 原文只提到了研究会考虑the method of upbringing, 但是没有考虑到uniqueness of the person’s upbringing。故答案为TRUE。)<br />　　20.TRUE<br />　　(根据文章第三段最后一句话It was only with the growth of paediatrics and psychology in the twentieth century that studies could be carried out on a more objective, if still not always very scientific, basis（只是随着二十世纪儿科和心理学进一步发展, 这些研究才在一个更为客观的基础上进行, 即便现在还没有建立科学的基础）可知，题目表述正确。)<br />　　21.FALSE<br />　　(根据文章第二段对于天才的表述可直接判断题目表述是错误的。)<br />　　22.TRUE<br />　　(根据第五段第一句…are the manifestations of skills or abilities which are similar to, but so much superior to, our own.可以知道, 天才的技能和普通人的技能在本质上是相似的, 尽管在表现上不一样。题目表述符合文意。)<br />　　23.TRUE<br />　　(根据文章第五段最后两句话…the hard-won discoveries of scientists like Kepler or Einstein become the commonplace knowledge of schoolchildren and the once outrageous shapes and colours of an artist like Paul Klee so soon appear on the fabrics we wear.This does not minimise the supremacy of their achievements（像开普勒、爱因斯坦这样科学家来之不易的科学发现变成了小学生的常识、像Paul Klee这些艺术家曾经反常的外形和色彩很快就出现在我们穿的织物上……这没有减少天才们至高的成就），可知题目表述正确。)<br />　　24.NOT GTVEN<br />　　(文章第七段提到We may, at best, give them some precision by defining them and placing them in a context（我们可能充其量通过定义他们和把他们放置在一定的背景中来让他们更为精确），但并没有提到题干中的观点，故答案为NOT GIVEN。)<br />　　25.TRUE<br />　　(根据文章第六段最后一句话but we should also recognise the price they may have paid in terms of.…可知题目表述是正确的。)<br />　　26.NOT GIVEN<br />　　(文章中作者并没有提出题干中的这种观点，故答案应为NOT GIVEN。)

参考答案27.ix<br />　　(本段第四句Although the same law holds for a living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way.起到承上启下的作用，即包括前文客观物体的存在是一个静止的、封闭的系统,又说明虽然客观物体老化的规律同样适用于生物, 但是这一规律的结果却未, 必相同。所以本段主要是比较客观物体和生物在衰老方面本质上的不同, 对应选项ix。)<br />　　28.ii<br />　　(本段第三句a restricted life span, ageing, and then death are basic characteristics of life及下文阐述死亡对整体生物进化是必需的, 即死亡的益处, 对应选项ii。)<br />　　29.vii<br />　　(本段第二句but within one species the parameter is relatively constant.说明同一物种内, 寿命界限是相对不变的。之后便以人类的寿命为例具体说明了这一观点。)<br />　　30.i<br />　　(本段主要讲the biological clock。第一句提出了“生物钟”这一概念, 并指出生物钟在某些方面测量和控制老化过程, 并最终决定生物的最后一步是死亡。与选项i相对应。)<br />　　31.viii<br />　　(本段列举了众多例子, 都是为了说明能力消耗的多少与寿命长短成反比：新陈代谢越快, 寿命越短, 新陈代谢越慢, 寿命越长。选项iii抽象概括了本段的主题。)<br />　　32.iv<br />　　(根据本段sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life可确定选项iv为正确答案。)

参考答案33.physical chemistry/thermodynamics<br />　　(根据B段第三句Ageing in this case must occur according to the law of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics可知答案为physical chemistry或thermodynamics。)<br />　　34.physical chemistry/thermodynamics<br />　　(参见第33题解析。)<br />　　35.adapt<br />　　(C段倒数第二句better adaptation to the environmental conditions中的adaptation改为动词形式, 即为答案。)<br />　　36.immortality<br />　　(根据C段最后两句话Immortality would disturb this system …This is the basic problem of evolution可以确定，immortality为本题答案。)

参考答案37.NO<br />　　(根据文章B段Although the same law holds for a living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way.可知，wear and tear theory对于人造物品和生物系统的影响是不同的。所以题目表述错误。)<br />　　38.YES<br />　　(根据B段At least as long as a biological system has the ability to renew itself it could actually become older without ageing可知, 题目表述正确。)<br />　　39.NOT GIVEN<br />　　(文章在B段和F段均提到生物体的更新代谢, 但是并没有提到具体的数值, 因此答案应为NOT GIVEN。)<br />　　40.YES<br />　　(根据文章G段第一句sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life，可知答案为TRUE。题目中的conserving energy对应原文中的sparing use of energy。)

参考答案【参考范文】<br />　　The diagram on the left illustrates the process by which cement is made whilst the diagram on the right shows how concrete is made for building purposes.<br />　　It can be seen clearly that the first stage in cement production is to put limestone and clay through a crusher to create powder.This powder then goes through a mixer and is then heated in a rotating heater.Once the powder comes out of the mixer and heater, it is ground into cement.At the end of the process, the cement is packed in bags.<br />　　The diagram on the right hand side displays that concrete is a mixture of four ingredients in differing proportions.Cement makes up 15％of the mixture, water constitutes 10％, sand 25％, and gravel (i.e.small stones) 50％.These ingredients are mixed in a rotating concrete mixer to make concrete.<br />　　In summary, the concrete production takes fewer steps than the cement production; however, it is necessary to use more materials.Moreover, what is also obvious is that the concrete mixer does not work with heat.

参考答案【参考范文】<br />　　There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems, both in cities and on motorways everywhere.Cities have come up with various policies to tackle such issues and many of them propose to increase the price of petrol.But solving these problems needs more than a simple rise in pricing.<br />　　While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of traffic and pollution increase, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long.As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with people who depend on it.Furthermore, there are various other measures that could be better implemented and that are more likely to make a difference to these problems.<br />　　First of all, to tackle the problem of pollution requires cleaner fuels.Modern technology is already available to produce electric cars that are both quieter and cleaner to use.Persuading manufacturers and travellers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality, especially in cities.<br />　　However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people use.To do this, we need to improve public transport services available to travellers.For example, if sufficient sky train and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in major cities, traffic on the roads would have been dramatically reduced.Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving private cars for long journeys.<br />　　In conclusion, long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments to construct and run efficient traffic systems.

参考答案①Yes, I do.I love flowers, rose, peony, tulip, daisy, chrysanthemum, jasmine, water lily, lotus, lavender, all them them! And I love to have them in my home, because flowers are very good decorations.Just imagine, after a whole day’s hard work, when you go back home, how comforting it is to see flowers in every corner of the house.It’s soothing and relaxing.<br />　　②Not at all.Look, I’m allergic to pollen.Flowers and their pollen just irritate my skin and give me runny nose and eyes.So I must avoid flowers at all times, not to mention have them in my own home.

参考答案①There are many places I can choose from.I can go to the florist’s on the street if I need the flowers properly wrapped and ribboned.I can also go to a suburban flower market if I want to buy in bulk quantity and save some cash.Besides, I can also buy flowers on the Internet.The best thing about buying things on the Internet is that you don’t have to worry about the open time or close time of the shops online, which often run 24／7 (24 hours a day, 7 days a week), so that you can place your order anywhere anytime.<br />　　②Well, I would only go to the flower market near my home.It’s within walking distance, say 10 minutes.Plus there’s a large variety of flowers to choose from.The price is always reasonable and you can still bargain about it.So why bother going to some distant, price gouging florist’s?

参考答案①Well, I’ve never given others flowers before, but there are many occasions when people would give flowers, like birthday, wedding, even funeral.Besides that, boys would give flowers, especially rose, to their girls when they are in love.<br />　　②I would give flowers to my friends, relatives and many others when I visit them.You see, it’s not really polite to visit one person’s home empty-handed according to Chinese traditions.So people often bring along some small gifts when they drop by.Well, in my case, I would choose flowers, which, according to my experiences, are not at all stereotypic, but rather often quite pleasing to my hosts.

参考答案①Flowers often bear great importance in many cultures.So do they in Chinese culture.In the past, flowers were believed to have spirits, who can bring happiness and pleasure to the devout.Nowadays, though their superstitious values have already faded away, flowers have taken on new meanings to represent virtues.While orchid represents grace and purity, peony represents nobleness and prosperity, and wintersweet perseverance.And people often use them to express their feelings.<br />　　②Well, generally yes, but with a great deal of difference to different people.Some people may love flowers so much that they see flowers as their life；while there’re also many others who are totally nonchalant.To them, flowers are no more than a bunch of lifeless plants.

参考答案①Speaking of a meeting, I’d like to talk about the one I had with my seminar group.That’s when I was still in college.I met up with my seminar group to discuss our class assignment, because we were supposed to give a group presentation on human resources management in multinafional enterprises.Well, that’s hell of a difficult task but we decided to do our best.Sometimes you just can’t imagine how powerful one’s determination could be unless you push your limits.Anyway； we sifted through all the useful resources, organized our thoughts and finally came up with our first draft of presentation outline and division of work with consensus.After that we met a few other times.Even though we didn’t deliver the best presentation of all, it sure was an impressive one, and it was my first presentation, which is why I remember it so well.<br />　　②Wow, this is pretty difficult for me, because I’ve had so many meetings.And my job is virtually about meeting people and deciding whether I should recruit them for my company.Yes, you guessed it.I’m an HR manager.Let me just tell you about the latest meeting or interview I had a couple of days ago.I was recruiting a junior staff for the secretarial department.A fresh college graduate came to the interview.I first looked at his resume and asked him some basic questions, which he seemed to have responded quite well.But when I asked him about his long-term career plan, he fumbled in a shilly-shally manner.So I thought to myself “well, our company may not need a person like this” and I told him “I’m sorry”.Apparently he’s sorry too.Anyway, this may not be a very memorable meeting, but it is the latest one I had and I remember it well.

参考答案①There are many different types of meetings that are categorized by contents of discussion or attendants or venue, etc, such as status meeting, staff meeting, team meeting, ad-hoc meeting, management meeting and board meeting.But I think people go to work meetings most often, where people meet to discuss their work and that often produce a product or intangible result such as a decision.<br />　　②As far as I know,there are six types of meetings by function：problem-solving, decision-making, planning, feedforward, which is about status reporting or presenting new information and feedback, which is about reacting and evaluating, and finally combination meetings.

参考答案①I can’t agree more.Personally I never liked going to meetings.They are long, and boring, full of red-tapes.I always wonder when people would learn not to waste time.Some meetings I attended are not productive at all or even counterproductive.I don’t like meetings.<br />　　②Please allow me to respectfully disagree.Though many people may not like to attend meetings, they’re still important in business, work, study and life.First, people need communication and update of information.Second, exchange of ideas can produce creativity and innovation.Apparendy, meetings can facilitate both.And if well used, meetings can be an indispensable part of modern collaboration and cooperation.

参考答案①Meetings are important because no one can be a lone ranger in today’s society.Everyone is linked to each other in some way.And since the discrepancy of information and knowledge among people is inevitable, it necessitates constant updates of information and exchange of ideas, all of which can be perfectly achieved through meetings.<br />　　②Like I said before, meetings are important in many aspects of our life.People need communication and update of information and exchange of ideas is also necessary to produce creativity and innovation.Meetings gather people and can facilitate both of them.That’s why it’s important to go to meetings sometimes.

参考答案①One of the major purposes for world leaders to meet together is to build mutual trust and strengthen bilateral relationship.Apparently, the growing international trade has increasingly entailed more and more international frictions, which need international meetings to settle and reach consensus.World leaders can also better communicate and promote further collaboration in international affairs..<br />　　②Nowadays the world is becoming more globalized and countries are closer than ever before.As a result, many international issues can’t be solved without collaborative efforts, which necessitates meetings at various levels, including those of world leaders.Also, platforms such as the UN, G8, G20 and the BRIC also encourage world leaders to mee together and discuss mutual relationship.

参考答案①Indeed, it’s difficult to organize a meeting at an international level especially when it concerns world leaders who are not like passengers on the street.They are big shots with busy schedules and require extensive consideration, such as a high level of security, all of which have to be carefully considered.Plus a well-prepared agenda is needed as well.Of course, no one wants to pay from the public purse of the host country for the world leaders to fly in and sit together just to chitchat.<br />　　②Apart from the difficulties concerning time, security and agenda, language is another problem, since no one can guarantee the world leaders understand all that’s being discussed without proper translation or interpretation.Sometimes there may be some mistranslation, which is really bad because this may lead to misunderstanding between world leaders which in turn might cause conflicts and frictions between different countries.

参考答案①I believe yes.I also believe international cooperation will become more common and meetings between international leaders will become more frequent as this can help to establish mutual trust and reduce international conflicts and frictions while promoting global trade and economy.<br />　　②I’m not sure about this, since I’m not an expert on international politics.But one thing I’m sure about is that the world is becoming smaller and country closer, therefore things need to be done to avoid any possible conflicts and bring down barrier, be it world meetings or whatever.I just wish to live in a world of peace.