职称英语《综合类B》模拟试卷一

Communication with Customers Online
Until the late 1940s,when television began finding its way into American homes,companies relied mainly on print and radio to promote their products and services.The advent（出现）of television brought about a revolution in promoting products and services.Between 1949 and 1951, advertising on television grew 960 percent.Today the Internet is once again transforming promotion .By going online,companies can communicate instantly and directly with prospective customers .Promotion on the World Wide Web includes advertising,sponsorships and sales promotions like contests and coupons.In 1996,World Wide Web advertising revenues reached $300 mulion.
Effective online marketers do not merely transfer hard-copy ads（平面广告）to cyberspace.
Successful sites blend promotional and non-promotional information,indirectly delivering the advertising messages.To encourage visits to their sites and to create and cultivate customers' loyalty,companies change information frequently and provide many opportunities for interaction.
One of the best online promotion web sites is the Ragu Web site.Here visitors can find thirty-six pasta recipes,take Italian lessons,and view an Italian film festival,but they will find no traditional ads.So subtle is the mix of product and promotion that visitors hardly know an advertising message has been delivered:SEGA of America,maker of computer games and hardware,uses its
Web site for a variety of different promotions,such as introducing new game characters to the publie and supplying Web surfers the opportunity to download games.SEGA's home page averages
250,000 visits a day.To heighten interest in the site,SEGA bought an advertising banner on
Netscape,thereby increasing site visits by 15 percent.Online participants in Quaker Oats' Gatorade promotion received a free Tshirt in exchange for answering a few questions.Quaker Oats reports that the online promotion created product loyalty and helped the company know its customers better.
Now,to target specific Internet users,an increasing number of companies are using“push”technology which automatically delivers customized（按客户要求创造的）news and other information to Users' computers when they log onto the Internet.Although organizations like Nielsen
Media Research are developing technologies to enhance audience measurement and tracking,it remains difficult to assess how many times the same person looks at an ad and who that person is.
Although online promotions can be glamorous and sophisticated,they are not perfect.For a welldesigned marketing mix,industry experts advise companies to use the Internet as a supplement to other advertising media.

Car Crime
1.A million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day.The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel.The Automobile Associ-ation(AA)has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and some-times longer as drivers buy drinks,sweets,cigarettes and other consumer items.With payment of credit cards becoming more and more common,it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes,providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.
2.For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crimes .An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK.Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no signs that the trend is slowing down.
3.Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft,almost 90 percent of car theft is committed by the opportunists.Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness.The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period.A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.
4.There are many other traps to avoid.The AA has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking.Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots-ust the places thieves' love.The AA advises drives to park in places with people around-thieves don't like audiences.

Some Things We Know About Language
Many things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.
First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.
Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.
This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.
Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.
Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

Finding a Job
At sixteen Ron Mackie might have stayed at school,but the future called to him excitedly.“Get out of the classroom into a job,”it said,and Ron obeyed.His father,supporting the dcci-sion,found a place for him in a supermarket.“You're lucky,Ron,”he said.“For every boy with a job these days,there's a dozen without.” So Ron joined the working world at twenty pounds a week.
For a year he spent his days filling shelves with tins of food.By the end of that time he was looking back on his school days as a time of great variety and satisfaction.He searched for an in-terest in his work,with little success.
One fine day instead of going to work Ron got a lift on a lorry going south.With nine pounds in his pocket,a full heart and a great longing for the sea,he set out to make a better way for him-self.That evening,in Bournemouth,he had a sandwich and a drink in a cafe run by an elderly man and his wife.Before he had finished the sandwich,the woman had taken him on for the rest of the summer,at twenty pounds a week,a room upstairs and three meals a day.The ease and speed of it rather took Ron's breath away.At quiet times Ron had to check the old man's arithme- tic in the records of the business.
At the end of the season,he stayed on the coast.He was again surprised how straightforward it was for a boy of seventeen to make a living.He worked in shops mostly,but once he took a job in a hotel for three weeks.Late in October he was taken on by the sick manager of a shoe shop.Ron soon found himself in charge there;he was the only one who could keep the books.

Protection of Wildlife
Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain some hide the fact that similar are felt ill the rest Europe.Studies by the Council of Europe,of which 21 countries are members,have shown that 1 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.
European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr.Peter Baum,an expert in the environment and nature resources division of the council,when he spoke at a conference arranged by the ad- ministrators of a British national park.The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council's diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality,and Dr.Peter Baum had come to present it to the park once again.He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks,and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today.But Dr.Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in a peace in their own right.
No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as tourist attraction,he went on .The short view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recrea- tion should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.
“We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems,on which any built-up area ultimately depends,”Dr.Baum went on,“We could manage without most industrial products,but we could not manage without nature.However,our natural environment areas,which are the original parts of our countryside,have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass.”

Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change
At picnics,ants are pests.But they have their uses.In industries such as mining,farming and forestry , they can help gauge（测定）the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy（坐立不安）.
It has been recognized for decades that ants—which are highly sensitive to ecological change—can provide a near-perfect barometer（气压计）of the state of an ecosystem.Only certain species,for instance,will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees.______(46)And still others will move in and take up residence.
By looking at which species populate a deforested area,scientists can determine how
“stressed”the land is.______(47)Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise（构成）so many species.
Where mine sites are being restored,for example,some ant species will recolonize（重新移居到.……）the stripped land more quickly than others.______ (48 ) Australian mining compa- ny Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.
Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil,where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations.“We found it worked extremely well there,”says Jonathan Major,a professor of environmental biology.Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia,he says,because ants are so common throughout the region.As Major puts it:“That's the great thing about ants.”
Ant surveys are so highly regarded as ecological indicators（指示器）that governments world-wide accept their results when assessing（评估）the environmental impact of mining and tree har- vesting.______(49）.
Why not?Because many companies can't afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift（详审）results for a comprehensive survey.The cost stems,also, from the scarcity（缺乏）of ant specialists.______(50)

The First Bicycle
The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years.In 1791,Count de Sivrac ______(51)onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed______(52)his two-wheeled inven-tion,a machine called the celeriferé.It was basically an______(53)version of a children's toy which had been in use for many years.Sivrac's“celeriferé”had a wooden frame,made in the ______(54)of a horse,which was mounted on a wheel at either end.To ride it,you sat on a small seat,just like a modern bicycle,and pushed______(55)against the______(56)with your legs-there were no pedals.It was impossible to steer a celeriferé and it had no brakes,but despite these problems the invention very much______(57)to the fashionable young men of Paris.Soon they were______(58)races up and down the streets.
Minor______(59)werecommonasridersattemptedafinalburstof_____(60).Controlling the machine was difficult,as the only way to change______(61)was to pull up the front of the “celeriferé”and_____(62)it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air.“Celeriferés”were not popular for long,______(63),as the______(64)of no springs,no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable.Even so,the wooden celeriferé was the______(65)of the modern bicycle.