二、完型填空题
下列每小题的选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
People live in groups,which we call societies, and social relations are the subjects __31__ in the social sciences.Men depend on other men and on the world around them.The sun brings them warmth and light.day and night,summer and winter.Plants grow __32__ there is air and sunshine,earth and water,animals depend on plants,men depend on plants.men the plants.animals around them.Wherever people live and __33__ they look like,many of their requirements are the __34__. They need food and places to live in warmth and sleep.They need a social existence; they need friendships and relationships which will __35__ to marriage and family. The members of a society depend on one __36__.In different society we find different ways of getting food and different methods of preparing it.Societies have __37__ habits and customs. They teach their children, care for sick people, look after __38__ people in various ways.They have different beliefs in life,death,and the world __39__ which they were born.Most men want to live in peace. The members of every social group accept certain rules and customs and expect other members to know them. Children are taught to __40__ these rules, and what they do in later life depends partly on the habits they learned when they were young.
31.
_______31
- A.studied
- B.searched
- C.explained
- D.learned
参考答案A
解析所给A、B、C、D四个选项，只有选项A项studied能和subject搭配，故选A。
32.
_______32
- A.when
- B.where
- C.place
- D.the place
参考答案B
解析地点状语从句。此处为地点状语从句，引导词应该用where,故选B。
33.
_______33
- A.whatever
- B.what
- C.how
- D.however
参考答案A
解析根据上文中的“Wherever people live”，此处的正确答案应与wherever对应，排除B、C选项；又由于此处引导词在句中用作宾语，排除D选项，故选A。
34.
_______34
- A.similar
- B.same
- C.different
- D.various
参考答案B
解析从上、下文中可以看出，人的有些需求都是一样的，所以答案为B选项。
35.
_______35
- A.led
- B.lead
- C.leads
- D.leading
参考答案B
解析动词时态应用。而在情态动词后面应接动词原形，只有B选项符合要求。
36.
_______36
- A.another
- B.other
- C.others
- D.each other
参考答案A
解析固定搭配。句中“One another”为固定搭配，因此选A项。
37.
_______37
- A.some
- B.a few
- C.various
- D.few
参考答案C
解析上、下文的内容在谈论各个社会之间的差异，因此可以看出不同的社会会有不同的风俗习惯，也就是各种各样的风俗习惯，只有C选项能表达上、下文所要求的意思。
38.
_______38
- A.old
- B.sick
- C.good
- D.nice
参考答案A
解析由上文中的“care for sick people”可以看出，此处应该是照顾老人，故选A项。
39.
_______39
- A.in
- B.into
- C.around
- D.round
参考答案B
解析固定搭配。be born into“出身于；出生于……的家庭”，B项正确。
40.
_______40
- A.remember
- B.study
- C.follow
- D.adapt
参考答案C
解析从下文中的“what they do in later life depends partly on the habits they learned when they were young”可以看出，大人教小会遵守这些规则。因此答案为C选项。
三、阅读理解题
下列每小题的选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked，“I have failed again”. On the train back to Washington, he said sadly, “That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed”.Some newspapers at first criticized the speech, but little by little as people redid the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.Today, every American school child learns Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address by heart.Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.
41.
In 1863, Abraham Lincoln was________.
- A.very critical
- B.unpopular
- C.very popular
- D.very courteous
参考答案B
解析事实细节题。第一段中提到林肯总统当时受到了很多批评，而且一点也不受欢迎。critical “批评的，爱挑剔的”，所以A不对。
42.
Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery because he was________.
- A.a famous speaker
- B.a very handsome man
- C.President of the country
- D.a popular statesman
参考答案C
解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段的第五句，人们之所以出于礼貌请他做演讲，就是因为他是总统。
43.
It can be inferred from the text that________.
- A.Lincoln prepared his speech very carefully before he went to Gettysburg
- B.Lincoln was very busy at the time and didn’t have much time to prepare his speech
- C.Lincoln’s speech was full of rich words
- D.Lincoln’s speech was very long
参考答案B
解析推理判断题。从第二段可知，林肯是在路上写的演讲稿，并且当晚只是“briefly (简单地)”修改了一下。由此可推断出他当时很忙，没有充足的准备时间。
44.
It was a fact that Lincoln’s speech was________.
- A.an immediately success
- B.warmly applauded
- C.a total failure
- D.not well-received at first
参考答案D
解析事实细节题。由三、四段可知，尽管林肯的演讲最初并未成功，但这篇简短的演说后来深入人心，不能说是彻底的失败。
45.
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
- A.Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.
- B.Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is simple in style.
- C.Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American school child.
- D.Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States.
参考答案D
解析事实细节题。根据最后一句话，林肯的演讲是美国历史上最伟大的演讲之一，但并未说是最伟大的演讲，所以选D。
【全文翻译】
1863年11月19日，亚伯拉罕·林肯前往宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡，在国家士兵公墓发表演讲。内战仍在继续。当时林肯总统受到了很多批评。他一点也不受欢迎。他被邀请在葛底斯堡演讲只是出于礼貌。主要发言人是当时著名的政治家和演说家爱德华·埃弗雷特。埃弗雷特是个英俊的男人，在各地都很受欢迎。
据说林肯是在去葛底斯堡的火车上准备演讲的。那天深夜，他独自一人在酒店房间里，精疲力竭，再次简短地做了演讲。第二天，埃弗雷特首先发言。他讲了一个小时零57分钟。他的演讲是当时丰富雄辩术的完美典范。然后林肯站了起来。起初，15000人的人群几乎没有注意到他。他只说了九分钟。最后几乎没有掌声。林肯转向一位朋友，说道：“我又失败了。”。在回华盛顿的火车上，他悲伤地说：“那次演讲完全失败了，人们很失望。”。
起初，一些报纸批评了这篇演讲，但随着人们重播演讲稿，他们逐渐理解了。他们开始欣赏它的简单和深刻含义。这是一个只有亚伯拉罕·林肯才能做的演讲。
今天，每个美国学童都会背诵林肯的葛底斯堡演说。现在大家都认为这是美国历史上最伟大的演讲之一。
In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early post-war era(战后时期), there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are facing with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.People tend to be over-trusting(过分信任) of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority.Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction(失灵).Obviously, there would be no point in investing(投入) in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong. Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days.Maybe each computer should come with the following warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.
46.
What is the main purpose of this passage?
- A.To look back to the early days of computers.
- B.To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.
- C.To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.
- D.To warn against the blindness to the probable shortcomings of computers.
参考答案D
解析归纳概括题。写此文的目的可从文章的内容概括出来。文章第一段讲的是当代人们过分信任计算机；第二段讲人类应该依赖自己的大脑，不应把计算机看作是思考技能的替代品。综上可知防止人们盲目地信任计算机才是本文的写作目的。
47.
The passage recommends those dealing with computers to________.
- A.be reasonably doubtful about them
- B.check all their answers
- C.substitute them for basic thinking
- D.use them for business purpose only
参考答案A
解析事实细节题。由第二段可知，作者在建议人们应依靠自己的大脑，对待计算机要持questioning(敢于怀疑)的态度并采取double check(仔细检查)的手段。所以选A，意思是要持理性怀疑态度，也就是不要盲目地完全依赖它。作者并没有说完全不信任计算机，要逐一核对答案，这样计算机恐怕真的要扔掉了，所以B曲解了作者的用意。C(用电脑代替人脑)是作者在文中最反对的；D(仅将电脑用于商业)太片面了。
48.
An “internal computer”(Para.2) is________.
- A.a computer used exclusively by one company for its own problems
- B.a person’s store of knowledge and the ability to process it
- C.the most up to date in home computer a company can buy
- D.a computer from the post-war era which is very reliable
参考答案B
解析推理判断题。人类自己所拥有的“内部计算机”当然是指大脑以及大脑内所存储的知识了。这也体现了作者反对用电脑代替人脑的写作目的。
49.
The passage suggests that the present day problem with regard to computers is________.
- A.challenging
- B.psychological
- C.dramatic
- D.over-trusting
参考答案D
解析事实细节题。over-trusting “过分信任的”。正如作者在第一段第三句所述，人类对待计算机的问题主要在于过分相信它并不愿挑战它的权威性。challenging “挑战的”；psychological “心理的”；dramatic “戏剧性的”。
50.
It can be inferred from the passage that the author would disapprove of________.
- A.computer science courses in high schools
- B.businessmen and women who use pocket calculators
- C.maintenance(连续不断) checks on computers
- D.companies which depend entirely on computers
参考答案D
解析推理判断题。此类题须弄清作者的真正意图。正如前面所述，作者提倡的并不是完全不信任计算机，而是不要盲目地完全依赖它。A、B、C三项都是以不同方式使用计算机，而作者并未完全否定计算机的使用，所以这三项都不能选。只有D(完全依赖计算机)才是作者不赞成的。
【全文翻译】
在现在看来像是计算机史前时代的战后初期，人们普遍担心有一天计算机会取代人类统治世界。今天，不到四十年后，随着计算机越来越多地减轻我们在商业和个人生活中的日常事务，我们正面临着一个不那么引人注目但也更难以预见的问题。人们往往过度信任计算机，不愿意挑战它们的权威。事实上，他们的行为就好像他们几乎没有意识到可能按错了按钮，或者电脑可能只是出了故障。
显然，如果你必须检查计算机的所有答案，那么投资一台计算机就没有任何意义了，但人们也应该依靠自己内部的计算机，在感觉有什么地方出了问题时检查机器。询问和例行的重复检查必须继续成为良好业务的一部分，就像在计算机出现之前一样。也许每台计算机都应该附带以下警告:尽管这台计算机可以提供各种帮助，但它不应该被视为基本思维和推理技能的替代品。
To swim across the English Channel takes at least nine hours. It’s a hard work and it makes you short of breath. To fly over the Channel takes only twenty minutes (as long as you’re not held up at the airport), but it’s an expensive way to travel. You can travel by hovercraft if you don’t mind the noise, and that takes forty minutes. Otherwise you can go by boat, if you forget your sea-sickness ills. All these means of transport have their problems and the weary(不耐烦的)traveler often dreams of being able to drive to France in his own car. “Not possible”， you say. Well, wait a minute. People are once again considering the idea of a Channel tunnel or bridge.This time, the Greater London Council is looking into the possibility of building a Channel link straight to London. A bridge would cost far more than a tunnel, but you would be able to go by rail or by car on a bridge, whereas a tunnel would provide a rail link only.Why is this idea being discussed again? Is Britain becoming more conscious of the need for links with Europe as a result of joining the EEC(欧共体)? Well, perhaps. The main reason, though, is that a tunnel or bridge would reach the twenty square kilometers of London’s disused dockland(船坞地). A link from London to the continent would stimulate trade and re-vitalize(使…重新有活力) the port, and would make London a main trading center in Europe. With a link over the Channel, you could buy your fish and chips in England, and be able to eat them in France while they were still warm!
51.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- A.Swimming across the Channel takes less than four hours.
- B.The idea of a Channel tunnel or bridge is a very new one.
- C.It is considered to be more difficult to swim across the channel than any other means.
- D.A tunnel or bridge would only reach as far as the coast.
参考答案C
解析推理判断题。可用排除法。开篇第一句已清楚地说明游过英吉利海峡至少要九小时，所以A说少于四小时是不对的；第一段最后一句中有一个非常重要的词，就是again。既然是again就说明建隧道、修大桥已不是新想法了，B也随之被淘汰；根据文章第二段第一句，隧道可直达伦敦，不只到海岸线，D也排除了。而C是正确的，游过去当然要比坐船、乘飞机困难多了。
52.
A tunnel would be________.
- A.less expensive to be built than a bridge
- B.more expensive to be built than a bridge
- C.less expensive to be built than a rail
- D.more expensive to be built than a rail
参考答案A
解析事实细节题。根据文章第二段第二句，建隧道要比建大桥便宜得多。
53.
If they built a Channel tunnel, you would________.
- A.neither take a train nor go by car
- B.only take a train
- C.either take a train or go by car
- D.only take a bus
参考答案B
解析事实细节题。根据文章第二段第二句，隧道里只能供火车行走。
54.
It can be concluded that many of London’s dockyards are________.
- A.not used
- B.seriously blocked
- C.fully used
- D.opened again
参考答案A
解析事实细节题。根据文章第三段第四句，伦敦的船坞地都是disused(废弃不用的)。
55.
Channel link would________.
- A.allow us to buy fish and chips in France
- B.make the journey from Europe to England dangerous but easier and faster
- C.decrease more trade for London’s dockyards
- D.make London more prosperous again
参考答案D
解析事实细节题。文章最后一段倒数第二句，这条路能够激活贸易，使伦敦成为欧洲的一个商业中心，所以当然会使伦敦繁荣起来。A显然低估了这条通路的作用；B、C谈到的作用都是负面的。
【全文翻译】
游过英吉利海峡至少要九个小时。这是一项艰苦的工作，它使你喘不过气来。飞越英吉利海峡只需20分钟(只要你不被机场耽搁)，但这是一种昂贵的旅行方式。如果你不介意噪音的话，你可以乘坐气垫船旅行，那需要40分钟。如果你不晕船的话，你可以坐船去。所有这些交通工具都有它们的问题，疲惫的旅行者经常梦想着能够开着自己的车去法国。“不可能”，你会说。嗯，等一下。人们再一次考虑建造英吉利海峡隧道或桥梁的想法。
这一次，大伦敦议会(Greater London Council)正在研究修建一条直通伦敦的英吉利海峡的可能性。桥的造价要比隧道高得多，但你可以在桥上坐火车或开车去，而隧道只能提供铁路连接。
为什么这个想法又被讨论了?加入欧共体后，英国是否越来越意识到与欧洲建立联系的必要性?好吧,也许。然而，主要原因是隧道或桥梁将到达20平方公里的伦敦废弃码头。从伦敦到欧洲大陆的连接将刺激贸易和重振港口，并使伦敦成为欧洲的主要贸易中心。通过英吉利海峡的连接，你可以在英国买到鱼和薯条，然后在法国吃它们时，它们仍然是热的!