职称英语《综合类A》真题精选一
综合类A
历年真题
共 65 题
1003 次浏览
更新于 2026-09-27
一、单选题
下列每小题的选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
1
Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.
- A.bad
- B.polite
- C.similar
- D.usual
2
Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.
- A.love
- B.surprise
- C.doubt
- D.anger
3
Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.
- A.energetic
- B.physical
- C.regular
- D.free
4
Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.
- A.failure
- B.confusion
- C.doubt
- D.relief
5
Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.
- A.evidence
- B.danger
- C.case
- D.picture
6
I enjoyed the play一it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.
- A.long
- B.original
- C.humorous
- D.boring
7
He demolished my argument in minutes.
- A.disproved
- B.disputed
- C.accepted
- D.supported
8
The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.
- A.combine
- B.sell
- C.close
- D.break
9
Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.
- A.immediate
- B.great
- C.equal
- D.moderate
10
I want to provide my boys with a decent education.
- A.private
- B.general
- C.good
- D.special
11
Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.
- A.attract
- B.encourage
- C.require
- D.spend
12
He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.
- A.critical
- B.terrible
- C.necessary
- D.normal
13
I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer;it's driving me mad.
- A.measure
- B.generate
- C.tolerate
- D.reduce
14
The project required ten years of diligent research.
- A.hardworking
- B.scientific
- C.basic
- D.social
15
He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.
- A.unclear
- B.bright
- C.bad
- D.general
二、共享题干题
下列每小题的选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
The Writing's on the Wall?
Is it art or is it just vandalism（故意破坏公共财物罪）?Well, it's still a crime ,but graffiti（涂鸦）has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory.Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his"tag",TAKI 183,all over the New York underground in 1971,and hip-hop culture was born.Hip-hop is a mixture of art,music,dancing, poetry,language and fashion.It came from 'young inner-city people,who felt left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could.
An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale,Greater Manchester,has been so successful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June."We're planning to get people together from different countries like France and Germany for a week,"says Liam,one of the organizers.The scheme started in 2000,and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes."We all share a common interest and get on really well with each other."The first site to be chosen was a subway.
"Before we began,people were afraid to use the subway.We had it cleaned up,and now,with all the artists hanging out down there,people are using it again.People can relate to graffiti much more now."By providing places to display their talents legally,there has been a fall in the amount of"tagging"on people's private property.
Street artist Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age.In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the art teachers didn't spend time with him.They thought he was already very good at art and so spent more time with other students.So,at 12 years old,Temper started painting with all these guys he'd hooked up with and who were about 22 years old.He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolverhampton,England."The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything.But it was always the graffiti I was best at."he says.
Is it art or is it just vandalism（故意破坏公共财物罪）?Well, it's still a crime ,but graffiti（涂鸦）has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory.Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his"tag",TAKI 183,all over the New York underground in 1971,and hip-hop culture was born.Hip-hop is a mixture of art,music,dancing, poetry,language and fashion.It came from 'young inner-city people,who felt left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could.
An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale,Greater Manchester,has been so successful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June."We're planning to get people together from different countries like France and Germany for a week,"says Liam,one of the organizers.The scheme started in 2000,and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes."We all share a common interest and get on really well with each other."The first site to be chosen was a subway.
"Before we began,people were afraid to use the subway.We had it cleaned up,and now,with all the artists hanging out down there,people are using it again.People can relate to graffiti much more now."By providing places to display their talents legally,there has been a fall in the amount of"tagging"on people's private property.
Street artist Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age.In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the art teachers didn't spend time with him.They thought he was already very good at art and so spent more time with other students.So,at 12 years old,Temper started painting with all these guys he'd hooked up with and who were about 22 years old.He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolverhampton,England."The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything.But it was always the graffiti I was best at."he says.
16
Demetrius was a teenager from New York.
- A.Right
- B.Wrong
- C.Not mentioned
17
The graffiti scheme in Rochdale was for teenagers only.
- A.Right
- B.Wrong
- C.Not mentioned
18
People did not like using the subway before an organized group of graffiti artists came.
- A.Right
- B.Wrong
- C.Not mentioned
19
Since the scheme started,no walls in the town were sprayed with graffiti.
- A.Right
- B.Wrong
- C.Not mentioned
20
Most of the other graffiti artists in England were about ten years older than Temper.
- A.Right
- B.Wrong
- C.Not mentioned
21
Temper,a street artist,is now head of a graffiti club in England.
- A.Right
- B.Wrong
- C.Not mentioned
22
Temper is involved in many different aspects of hip-hop culture.
- A.Right
- B.Wrong
- C.Not mentioned
Waste Not,Want Not
1 Bob and Clara Darlington,who own and run a farm in the North of England,have always looked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow.Their success began when they established a shop on their farm so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.
2 The business was an immediate success,and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country.The Association's inspectors found the Darlingtons' shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetables.
3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and,in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce,she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen.
A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added,with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.
4 Clara admits that starting the business was expensive,and she has worked very hard,but maintains that if the product is good,the public will recognize this and buy it."I aim to offer the highest quality to our cus-tomers,whether they come in for a loaf of bread,or take a whole dinner-party menu.I take it as a compliment （恭维）if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with preten-ding they made it themselves."
5 The couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop.Clara,not wishing to see them get thrown away,decided to turn them into soup.
6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produces ten different varieties.She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail,doing presentations of the soups.As a result,they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.
1 Bob and Clara Darlington,who own and run a farm in the North of England,have always looked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow.Their success began when they established a shop on their farm so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.
2 The business was an immediate success,and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country.The Association's inspectors found the Darlingtons' shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetables.
3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and,in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce,she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen.
A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added,with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.
4 Clara admits that starting the business was expensive,and she has worked very hard,but maintains that if the product is good,the public will recognize this and buy it."I aim to offer the highest quality to our cus-tomers,whether they come in for a loaf of bread,or take a whole dinner-party menu.I take it as a compliment （恭维）if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with preten-ding they made it themselves."
5 The couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop.Clara,not wishing to see them get thrown away,decided to turn them into soup.
6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produces ten different varieties.She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail,doing presentations of the soups.As a result,they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.
23
Paragraph 2 ___________
- A.Professional Recognition is Obtained
- B.Ensuring that Nothing Gets Wasted
- C.A Necessary Alternative to Farming
- D.Time Well Spent is Rewarded
- E.Continuing Investment in High Standards
- F.Professional Skills are Exoloited
24
Paragraph 3___________
- A.Professional Recognition is Obtained
- B.Ensuring that Nothing Gets Wasted
- C.A Necessary Alternative to Farming
- D.Time Well Spent is Rewarded
- E.Continuing Investment in High Standards
- F.Professional Skills are Exoloited
25
Paragraph 4 _________
- A.Professional Recognition is Obtained
- B.Ensuring that Nothing Gets Wasted
- C.A Necessary Alternative to Farming
- D.Time Well Spent is Rewarded
- E.Continuing Investment in High Standards
- F.Professional Skills are Exoloited
26
Paragraph 5_________
- A.Professional Recognition is Obtained
- B.Ensuring that Nothing Gets Wasted
- C.A Necessary Alternative to Farming
- D.Time Well Spent is Rewarded
- E.Continuing Investment in High Standards
- F.Professional Skills are Exoloited
27
Bob and Clara Darlington established a shop to_________.
- A.sell fresh vegetables
- B.turned them into soup
- C.sell as much as possible
- D.promote her soups
- E.fill a gap in the market
- F.offered a variety of prepared meals
28
Apart from quality fruit and vegetables,the couple___________.
- A.sell fresh vegetables
- B.turned them into soup
- C.sell as much as possible
- D.promote her soups
- E.fill a gap in the market
- F.offered a variety of prepared meals
29
Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away,the couple__________.
- A.sell fresh vegetables
- B.turned them into soup
- C.sell as much as possible
- D.promote her soups
- E.fill a gap in the market
- F.offered a variety of prepared meals
30
Clara spent much of the summer going to London to__________.
- A.sell fresh vegetables
- B.turned them into soup
- C.sell as much as possible
- D.promote her soups
- E.fill a gap in the market
- F.offered a variety of prepared meals
第一篇
The Iceman
On a September day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy.High up on a mountain pass,they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet,or 3,200 meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especially warm year.The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward.The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head.There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions.
Some people thought that it was from this century,perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War Ⅰ ,since several soldiers had already been found in the area.A Swiss woman believed it might be her father,who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found.The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques,the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old.
Born in about 3300 B.C.,he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe.At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died in an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence,however,tells a different story.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder.It left only a tiny hole in his skin,but it caused internal damage and bleeding.He almost certainly died from this wound,and not from the wound on the back of his head.This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle.It might have been part of a larger war,or he might have been fighting bandits.He might even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools,scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in.We may never know the full story of how he died,but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
The Iceman
On a September day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy.High up on a mountain pass,they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet,or 3,200 meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especially warm year.The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward.The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head.There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions.
Some people thought that it was from this century,perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War Ⅰ ,since several soldiers had already been found in the area.A Swiss woman believed it might be her father,who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found.The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques,the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old.
Born in about 3300 B.C.,he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe.At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died in an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence,however,tells a different story.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder.It left only a tiny hole in his skin,but it caused internal damage and bleeding.He almost certainly died from this wound,and not from the wound on the back of his head.This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle.It might have been part of a larger war,or he might have been fighting bandits.He might even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools,scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in.We may never know the full story of how he died,but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
31
The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because__________.
- A.he was lying on the ice
- B.he was just on a mountain pass
- C.two Germans were climbing the mountains
- D.the melted ice made him visible
32
What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
- A.The Iceman lived a poor life.
- B.The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
- C.The Iceman was killed while working.
- D.The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
33
All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT________.
- A.he was a soldier in World War Ⅰ
- B.he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father
- C.he came from Italy
- D.he was born about a thousand years ago
34
The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman________.
- A.had got a wound on the back of his head
- B.had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death
- C.was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead
- D.was probably in some kind of a battle
35
The word"bandits"in Paragraph 4 could be best replaced by__________.
- A.soldiers
- B.hunters
- C.robbers
- D.shooters
第二篇
The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight
You hear this:"No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat."You feel sad:"I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?"Basically you can do nothing.Your genes,not your life habits,determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that"80 percent of the chil-dren of two obese（肥胖的）parents become obese , as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight."
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well,dieting can be effective,but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch,a research physician at Rockefeller University,did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 10 weeks,the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital,they all regained weight.The results were sur-prising : by metabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement , fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight,but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved nonobese people.
Thin people,however,suffer from the opposite:They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims,of the University of Vermont,got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months,they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended,they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true一each person has a comfortable weight range.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60～69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight
You hear this:"No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat."You feel sad:"I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?"Basically you can do nothing.Your genes,not your life habits,determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that"80 percent of the chil-dren of two obese（肥胖的）parents become obese , as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight."
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well,dieting can be effective,but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch,a research physician at Rockefeller University,did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 10 weeks,the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital,they all regained weight.The results were sur-prising : by metabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement , fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight,but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved nonobese people.
Thin people,however,suffer from the opposite:They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims,of the University of Vermont,got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months,they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended,they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true一each person has a comfortable weight range.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60～69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
36
The first paragraph tells us that our weight is determined by________.
- A.our eating habits
- B.our life style
- C.our work habits
- D.our genes
37
In Jules Hirsch's study,the subjects__________.
- A.showed no health problem
- B.gained weight rapidly
- C.were all thin people
- D.lived only on liquid food
38
After leaving the hospital,the eight fat people_________.
- A.attempted suicide
- B.were back to their original weight
- C.went mad
- D.followed the advice of Hirsch's
39
In Ethan Sims'study,the subjects were asked to________.
- A.stay in prison
- B.eat as much as they could
- C.battle their genetic inheritance
- D.lower their weight
40
Which of the following statements is true?
- A.Each person wants to eat to his heart's content.
- B.Each person has a weight range of 9kg.
- C.Each person has a natural weight range.
- D.Each person wants to control his weight.
第三篇
Food for Learning
In Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate.
That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditional ideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.
These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation.Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.
To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning.In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.
Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training.Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring-ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money.Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.
The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend free literacy classes for two hours every day.When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.
The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving.
These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun-try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.
Food for Learning
In Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate.
That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditional ideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.
These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation.Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.
To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning.In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.
Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training.Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring-ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money.Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.
The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend free literacy classes for two hours every day.When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.
The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving.
These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun-try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.
41
According to the passage,traditional ideas about women_________.
- A.are rejected by the younger generation
- B.help improve the economy
- C.hinder economic development
- D.have little impact on economic development
42
The Eritrean government is offering extra food to girls in school in order to________.
- A.encourage parents to keep girls at home
- B.change traditional attitudes towards women
- C.help girls feed their families
- D.create more jobs for Eritrean teachers
43
With the Food for Training program,women get a large package of food as long as__________.
- A.they attend free literacy classes every day
- B.they have no land of their own
- C.they bring up their families on their own
- D.they live in refugee camps
44
The new literacy programs are an example of__________.
- A.the work of 5,000 women and teenage girls
- B.the problems with international aid organizations
- C.local and international organizations working together
- D.the Eritrean government working to keep its power
45
According to the passage,Food for Training will_________.
- A.help women better their lives
- B.encourage women to leave their country
- C.teach women about international aid
- D.allow women to spend more time at home
I Know Just How You Feel
Do you feel sad?Happy?Angry?You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique.
Well,think again.Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified,according to Mind Reading,a DVD displaying every possible human emotion.It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel:the first visual dictionary of the human heart.
Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s,when Darwin divided the emotions into six types一anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surprise and enjoyment.__________(46)Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group.More complex expressions of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture.But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide._________(47)The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.
The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism（孤独症）,who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions.But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses.Actors and teachers,for example,need to understand a wide range of expressions.The professor and his research team first had to define an"emotion".__________(48)Using this definition,1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed.This list was eventually reduced to 412,from"afraid"to"wanting".
Once these emotions were defined and classified,a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them.In Mind Reading,each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds.
_________(49)The explanation for this is simple:we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words,but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face."It was really clear when the actors had got it right,"says Cathy Collis,who directed the DVD."Although they were given some direction,"says Ms.Collis,"the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move."_________(50)For example, when someone feels contempt,you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American,Professor Paul Ekman,who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion.The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called "action units".These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes.Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.
Do you feel sad?Happy?Angry?You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique.
Well,think again.Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified,according to Mind Reading,a DVD displaying every possible human emotion.It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel:the first visual dictionary of the human heart.
Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s,when Darwin divided the emotions into six types一anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surprise and enjoyment.__________(46)Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group.More complex expressions of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture.But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide._________(47)The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.
The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism（孤独症）,who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions.But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses.Actors and teachers,for example,need to understand a wide range of expressions.The professor and his research team first had to define an"emotion".__________(48)Using this definition,1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed.This list was eventually reduced to 412,from"afraid"to"wanting".
Once these emotions were defined and classified,a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them.In Mind Reading,each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds.
_________(49)The explanation for this is simple:we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words,but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face."It was really clear when the actors had got it right,"says Cathy Collis,who directed the DVD."Although they were given some direction,"says Ms.Collis,"the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move."_________(50)For example, when someone feels contempt,you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American,Professor Paul Ekman,who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion.The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called "action units".These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes.Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.
46
_________(46)
- A.He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognisable by anyone,from any culture.
- B.Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions,such as words,would have been far less effective.
- C.Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
- D.These particular muscles are difficult to control,and few people can do it.
- E.They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by"I feel","he looks"or"she sounds".
- F.We thought of trying to describe each emotion,but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
47
_________(47)
- A.He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognisable by anyone,from any culture.
- B.Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions,such as words,would have been far less effective.
- C.Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
- D.These particular muscles are difficult to control,and few people can do it.
- E.They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by"I feel","he looks"or"she sounds".
- F.We thought of trying to describe each emotion,but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
48
_________(48)
- A.He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognisable by anyone,from any culture.
- B.Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions,such as words,would have been far less effective.
- C.Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
- D.These particular muscles are difficult to control,and few people can do it.
- E.They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by"I feel","he looks"or"she sounds".
- F.We thought of trying to describe each emotion,but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
49
_________(49)
- A.He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognisable by anyone,from any culture.
- B.Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions,such as words,would have been far less effective.
- C.Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
- D.These particular muscles are difficult to control,and few people can do it.
- E.They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by"I feel","he looks"or"she sounds".
- F.We thought of trying to describe each emotion,but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
50
_________(50)
- A.He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognisable by anyone,from any culture.
- B.Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions,such as words,would have been far less effective.
- C.Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
- D.These particular muscles are difficult to control,and few people can do it.
- E.They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by"I feel","he looks"or"she sounds".
- F.We thought of trying to describe each emotion,but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
Racial Prejudice
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute,violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences,and this is not even questioned.There are countries________(51)the white man imposes his rule by brute（粗暴的）force ; there are countries where the black man protests by______ (52) fire to cities and by looting and pillaging（抢劫）.Important people on both sides , who would appear to be reasonable men , get up and calmly argue in ___________( 53 ) of violence as if it were a legitimate（合法的） solution,________(54)any other.What is really frightening,what really________(55)you with despair,is the realization that when it comes to the crunch（关键时刻）,we have made no actual_________ (56) at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint,but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded_________(57)of the human race,that tedious documentation of violence,has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that__________(58)never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror,the bloodshed and the suffering___________(59)nothing.No solution ever comes to ___________(60)the morning after we dismally（阴郁地）contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
The truly reasonable men who___________(61)where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing.They are despised,mistrusted and even persecuted___________(62)their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.if half the energy that goes into _________(63)acts was put to good use,if our efforts were directed at._________(64)up the slums and ghettos（贫民窟）,at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not have gone a long way to ___________(65)at a solution.
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute,violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences,and this is not even questioned.There are countries________(51)the white man imposes his rule by brute（粗暴的）force ; there are countries where the black man protests by______ (52) fire to cities and by looting and pillaging（抢劫）.Important people on both sides , who would appear to be reasonable men , get up and calmly argue in ___________( 53 ) of violence as if it were a legitimate（合法的） solution,________(54)any other.What is really frightening,what really________(55)you with despair,is the realization that when it comes to the crunch（关键时刻）,we have made no actual_________ (56) at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint,but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded_________(57)of the human race,that tedious documentation of violence,has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that__________(58)never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror,the bloodshed and the suffering___________(59)nothing.No solution ever comes to ___________(60)the morning after we dismally（阴郁地）contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
The truly reasonable men who___________(61)where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing.They are despised,mistrusted and even persecuted___________(62)their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.if half the energy that goes into _________(63)acts was put to good use,if our efforts were directed at._________(64)up the slums and ghettos（贫民窟）,at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not have gone a long way to ___________(65)at a solution.
51
_________(51)
- A.where
- B.what
- C.why
- D.when
52
_________(52)
- A.fighting
- B.returning
- C.catching
- D.setting
53
_________(53)
- A.spite
- B.memory
- C.need
- D.favor
54
_________(54)
- A.to
- B.through
- C.like
- D.as
55
_________(55)
- A.fills
- B.puts
- C.forces
- D.sets
56
_________(56)
- A.progress
- B.decision
- C.point
- D.sense
57
_________(57)
- A.system
- B.history
- C.range
- D.business
58
_________(58)
- A.argument
- B.violence
- C.talk
- D.research
59
_________(59)
- A.deal
- B.have
- C.mean
- D.want
60
_________(60)
- A.light
- B.life
- C.end
- D.mind
61
_________(61)
- A.suggest
- B.demand
- C.consider
- D.know
62
_________(62)
- A.by
- B.for
- C.with
- D.of
63
_________(63)
- A.final
- B.lawful
- C.violent
- D.symbolic
64
_________(64)
- A.looking
- B.getting
- C.taking
- D.cleaning
65
_________(65)
- A.meeting
- B.laughing
- C.startling
- D.arriving
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