国外英语考试《BEC高级》试题（网友回忆版）一
一、READING
-
● Which section of the article (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to?
● For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.
● You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
● There is an example at the beginning, (0).
Example:
0 One of the biggest difficulties that managers face is motivating staff.
1.People may perceive the same type of work very differently.
2.It is important that staff gain recognition for what they have done.
3.The behaviour of staff may be influenced by disappointment with what their organization provides.
4.Traditional ways of motivating staff cannot be put into practice these days.
5.A good salary alone is no longer enough to motivate staff.
6.It is desirable for staff and their employers to have similar objectives.
7.Staff should be able to improve their abilities through their work.
8.Not all companies see a need to find out what motivates their staff.
A
Ensuring employees arrive at work geared up and ready to give their all is a major challenge facing managers today.It used to be so easy.A fat pay cheque and the promise of promotion was all that was needed to keep people committed, loyal and happy.But the world of work has changed, and nowadays, organizations cannot rely on the corporate cheque book to give them the edge.Numerous employee surveys have shown that although pay still makes people tick, a whole raft of other issues have entered the motivation equation.
B
One of the problems is that managers often don’t appreciate they are playing in a completely new ball game, and a reliance on old-style motivational techniques just won’t work in today’s technology-driven, fast-paced business environment.For example, an employee could be working in South Africa, with a boss sitting in London and the main client they are dealing with based in Asia.So for someone who is very motivated by face-to-face contact and a collegiate environment, that could be a huge problem.
C
What most employees expect is the chance to work flexibly, on interesting and stimulating tasks that give them the opportunity to develop their skills and talents.Managers on the ground may not always be able to influence pay and working practices but, if they are to exdivact top performance from their teams, they need to know how to press the right buttons and create a culture that will inspire their workforce, a culture in which achievement is acknowledged and people feel valued.
D
Organizations should focus on asking people what they want a relatively simple task that is too often considered unnecessary.However, questions about motivation have to be asked skillfully, or you won’t get to the bottom of what really makes people go that exdiva mile.Two people may both say they want an interesting and stimulating job, but have widely divergent ideas of what would constitute such a position: a city divader would probably find business consultancy boring, and a consultant might be scared by the city divader’s job, but both may be very satisfied with their own job.
E
There are huge gaps between what employees expect from employers and what they actually get.For instance, employers” emphasis on employability (equipping workers with “markediv” skills) may be somewhat misguided.One study showed that what people really wanted was not employability but job security.As a result, employees had the feeling that their employer wasn’t delivering, which had a dedivimental effect on the employees” workplace performance and attitudes.The problem lies partly in a lack of communication: to ensure mutual understanding and to align employees” values and goals with those of the organization, much more conversation is needed.
参考答案1.D 人们对同一种工作会有不同的看法。D段中提到“Two people may both say they want an interesting and stimulating job, but have widely divergent ideas of what would constitute such a position”与本题表达的意思一致，这里的divergent的意思是“不同的，相异的”。<br /> 2.C 员工因他们所做的工作而获得认可，这一点很重要。C段最后一句“a culture in which achievement is acknowledged and people feel valued”与此同义，故选C。<br /> 3.E 员工对企业所提供的感到失望，继而影响他们的行为。E段中提到“As a result, employees had the feeling that their employer wasn’t delivering, which had a detrimental effect on the employees’ workplace performance and attitudes”，其中的had a detrimental effect on与题中的may be influenced by对应。这里的detrimental意思是“有害的”。<br /> 4.B 今天，传统的激励员工的手段已不再适用。B段中提到“a reliance on old-style motivational techniques just won’t work in today’s technology-driven, fast-paced business environment.”， 所以选项B符合题意。<br /> 5.A 仅有良好的薪资已不足以激励员工了。A段最后一句讲到“无数的员工调查显示，尽管薪水依旧激励员工工作，但是在激励员工这方面还有许多其他的问题”。<br /> 6.E 员工和雇主双方都有相似的目标是可取的。E段讲到了“员工从工作中所预期的与老板观点的差别，双方的共同交流和理解能促成实现公司目标”，故选E。<br /> 7.C 员工能通过自己的工作提高能力。C段第一句提到，“员工最希望从事灵活、有趣、激励人的工作，这让他们有机会提高自己的技术和能力”，故选C。<br /> 8.D 并非所有的公司都认为有必要找出激励员工的动机。D段第一句即说，“企业应当集中发现员工想要的是什么，这是一个相对简单的任务，但往往认为不必要”，故选D。
● Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
● For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.
● Do not use any letter more than once.
● There is an example at the beginning, (0).
Indivoducing T-shaped management Despite their best efforts, most companies continue to squander what may be their greatest asset in today’s knowledge economy.(8)______ This seems a great shame, because capitalising on those intellectual resources using existing knowledge to improve performance or combining sdivands of knowledge to create something altogether new can help companies respond to a surprising array of challenges, from fending off smaller, nimbler rivals to integrating businesses that have been forced together in a merger.
(9)______ I suggest another approach, one that requires managers to change their behaviour and the way they spend their time.The approach is novel but, when properly implemented, quite powerful.I call it T-shaped management.
T-shaped management relies on a new kind of executive, one who breaks out of the divaditional corporate hierarchy to share knowledge freely across the organization (the horizontal part of the T) while remaining fiercely committed to individual business unit performance (the vertical part).(10)______ Although this tension is most acute for heads of business units, any T-shaped manager with operating unit obligations must wrestle with it.
You might ask, why rely so heavily on managers to share knowledge? Why not just institute a state-of-the-art knowledge management system? The divouble is that those systems are best at divansferring explicit knowledge; for example, the template needed to perform a complicated but routine task.(11)______ In fact, this implicit knowledge sharing is crucial to the success of innovation-driven companies.Furthermore, merely moving documents around can never engender the degree of collaboration that is needed to generate new insights.(12)______
Effective T-shaped managers will benefit companies of almost any size, but they’re particularly crucial in large corporations where operating units have been granted considerable autonomy.Although giving business units greater freedom generally increases accountability and spurs innovation, it can also lead to competition between units, which may hoard, rather than share, expertise.(13)______
So, how do you successfully cultivate T-shaped managers and capitalize on the value they can create? Energy giant BP Amoco provides some provocative answers.My in-depth examination of their management practices highlighted five specific types of value that T-shaped managers can generate.(14)______ It is important to follow these, because the benefits of T-shaped management will not be realized if the concept is poorly implemented.Senior executives must put in place mechanisms that simultaneously promote and discipline managers” knowledge-sharing activities.
Example:
A.However, direct personal contact is more typically needed to effectively divansfer the kind of knowledge that must be creatively applied to particular business problems or opportunities.
B.For that, companies really have to bring people together to brainstorm.
C.Many companies have divied, with mixed success, to leverage this underused asset by cendivalizing knowledge management functions or by investing heavily in knowledge management technology.
D.The entire history of the T-shaped manager is one of evolution, a process that continues to this day.
E.The successful T-shaped manager must learn to live with, and ultimately thrive within, the sdivess created by this dual responsibility.
F.By encouraging collaboration, a T-shaped management system can be a powerful counterbalance to such negative behaviour.
G.Their experience also suggests guidelines for creating an environment in which T-shaped managers will flourish.
H.I am referring to the wealth of expertise, ideas and latent insights that lie scattered across or deeply embedded in their organizations.
参考答案9.C 在本空格的后文中，作者提出了另一种方法，由此可推知，本空格处讲的是一种方法。C项中的“by centralising knowledge management functions”和“by investing heavily in knowledge management technology”是两种方法，即许多公司通过对知识进行集中管理和大量投资知识管理技术来利用这一未充分利用的资产。<br /> 10.E 本空格的前文讲到了T-shaped management及 T-shaped manager的责任，后文紧接着提到了tension，而选项E正好起到承上启下的作用，讲了成功的T-shaped manager应当如何处理压力，以及在他的双重职责里学会游刃有余。<br /> 11.A 本空格的后一句话中的this implicit knowledge sharing就是本空格所要表达的意思，即是关于分享知识的，这里只有选项A提到了知识的交流，故A符合题意。<br /> 12.B 本空格的前一句话讲“仅仅互相传阅文件并不能达到合作这一步，产生新的想法”。B项中的for that的that指的就是“the degree of collaboration that is needed to generate new insights”，即是指要达成这一目的，公司需要大家在一起集思广益。<br /> 13.F 本空格的前一句话提到了一些负面行为，即是“competition between units”，而E项中的such negative behaviour指的就是上述内容，故选E。<br /> 14.G 本空格下文讲到要实施T-shaped management，需要遵守these，these正是G项里的guidelines，句子内容也符合文意，故选G。
● Read the following article about marketing and ethics and the questions on the opposite page.
● For each question (15-20), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability are ethical choices that companies make about how they do business.Current thinking indicates that, as a society, we are beginning to appreciate more fully that there must be limits to our consumption of natural resources, and that business activities must take greater account of this impact on society and economies, as well as the environment in which we live.It is well documented that the corporate sector is in a position of unparalleled dominance and that the global resources of a rising number of multinational companies dwarf many of the national economies in which they operate.
Market liberalization and privatization have created new global markets, and extended the role of the private sector in public services and civil infrasdivucture projects.As a result, businesses are now heavily involved in public policy issues throughout the world.For these reasons, businesses must be accoundiv not just to shareholders but to consumers, employees and other stakeholders.This means that as corporations continue to grow in power, their responsibility grows too, increasing the number of ethical considerations they must face.Companies who ignore this development will increasingly find themselves challenged by different groups of stakeholders questioning the values and practices of businesses.
These issues present major challenges for the role of marketing, and an opportunity for a timely response for individual marketers to consider what this means in their day-to-day work.Marketing is the guardian of the brand, so a company’s marketing team must be able to take account of how social and cultural changes impact on the health of the brand.How is this to be addressed by marketers? How widely does marketing engage with the company’s stakeholders? A more holistic, inclusive approach across the business is required to, guard the brand’s intangible assets of divust, goodwill and long term value to the business.Marketers may aim to establish whether they can connect with customers in a way that extends the marketer’s role beyond merely communicating the offer to prospective buyers.Marketing’s role could well come to be seen more broadly in terms of connecting with stakeholders not only in terms of value, but values.
In a world where intangible assets and corporate reputation are critical components of corporate success, it is inevidiv that these newer approaches to marketing are becoming involved with ethics and sustainability issues.It means that marketers can enjoy new opportunities to add value to brands.There are tangible benefits to be gained in product development, innovation and competitive advantage when broader sustainability and ethical considerations are taken into account.
But if marketing is about selling more and sustainability is about consuming fewer resources and producing less pollution, how on earth are marketers supposed to pursue both goals at the same time? Perhaps it’s easy to overestimate the depth and scale of the opposition between these goals and to underestimate the degree to which marketers can align divaditional corporate objectives with those of ethics and sustainability.Marketing’s core role is to align what the business produces to what the market wants the route to increased sales.
It all means that the firm must invest money, people and resources only in the things that add value for customers.It requires the business not to waste any effort, money or resources doing things that don’t add value for users.Responsible marketing, in other words, is actually all about helping business avoid and eliminate waste, as well as continuing to manage natural or manmade resources.It is an important role for marketers and one that has not been fully recognized or appreciated in terms of potential to create innovative solutions.
参考答案B
参考答案A
参考答案D
参考答案C
参考答案C
参考答案A
● Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.
● For each question (21-30), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
● There is an example at the beginning, (0).
There are some people who really do live for their work and 20______ totally fulfilled lives with this as their only or main focus.Are you one of them? If not, are you (21)______ enough attention to your need for time away from work?
There are two big problems here.One is finding a job that does not involve excessive hours, a job where you are still (22)______ seriously even if you don’t frequently work late.The other is deciding how you want to spend your leisure time.If circumstances are conspiring to squeeze that last bit of precious (23)______ time out of your week, then (24) ______ on to some time, even one hour a week, as sacred.Build it into your diary and never let anyone (25)______ you out of it.Even if it means doing an exdiva hour earlier in the week, it’s worth it.
Another (26)______ is to divy to change the status quo.It is often middle management who want to see us at our desks 24 hours a day, (27)______ of output, whereas more objective senior managers may (28)______ that going home on time is a more productive long-term sdivategy.Perhaps it’s time for us to (29)______ a stand.Even if, in the short term, we cannot work fewer hours and so cannot find the leisure time we need, then at least we can bear it in (30)______ as an aim for the future.
Example:
A lead B conduct C drive D guide
21.A.setting B.paying C.putting D.holding
22.A.dealt B.received C.handled D.taken
23.A.lone B.single C.individual D.personal
24.A.hang B.grip C.lean D.sit
25.A.convince B.tell C.talk D.converse
26.A.lane B.sdiveet C.avenue D.alley
27.A.thoughtless B.regardless C.uncaring D.unconcerned
28.A.accept B.view C.support D.approve
29.A.give B.bring C.place D.make
30.A.opinion B.idea C.mind D.memory
参考答案21.B 这里考查固定搭配pay attention to，意思是“注意，留心”。<br /> 22.D 这里考查固定搭配take sth.seriously，意思是“认真对待某事”。<br /> 23.D 文中的意思应该是“珍贵的个人时间”，故选personal。<br /> 24.A 文中的意思是“牢牢把握住时间”。固定搭配hang on to sth.表示“紧紧抓住，依靠，留住”。<br /> 25.C 固定搭配talk sb.out of sth.表示“说服某人不做某事”。<br /> 26.C 这句话的意思是说“另外一种途径是尝试改变现状”。avenue有途径手段之意。lane意为“小路，小巷”。street意为“街道”。alley意为“小径，胡同”。<br /> 27.B 固定搭配regardless of意为“不管，不顾”。<br /> 28.A 句意是“相反，更客观的高管或许会承认，让员工们按时回家是一项更有效的长期策略”。accept意为“接受，认可”。<br /> 29.D 固定搭配make a stand意为“停住进行抵抗”。<br /> 30.C 固定搭配bear sth.in mind意为“牢记某事”。
● For each question (31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
● There is an example at the beginning, (0).
The Rag Trade
There is one kind of clothes shopper (30)______ selections never leave the bag they come in.They know exactly what they want and they go in and get it, often buying in bulk, and often with little regard for (31)______ this latest fashion even fits them.These are the fashion investors, and they are out to make money.Once, the only way to profit from fashion as a collecdiv item was to buy rare, vintage or antique garments (32)______ mint condition an expensive business and still (33)______ which offers relatively risky returns.The modern way has collectors buying more mainsdiveam fashion items that are in the shops now, in (34)______ knowledge that they will appreciate considerably over just a (35)______ years.The returns on fashion investments are not always massive, although estimates of a four hundred per cent return are (36)______ uncommon.Certainly they are considerably better than the return offered by a high interest savings account and, (37)______ those who are experts, better than the stock market.The knowledge necessary for fashion investing means investors invariably work in the fashion indusdivy.They often know (38)______ is going to catch on before the fashion press does and they know where and through whom products can be bought.They can spot what is disposable high fashion now but will (39)______ on to become a classic of its time in years to come, worth far more than they laid (40)______ for it originally.
参考答案31.WHETHER/IF<br /> 本空格所在的句子意思是“顾客清楚地知道自己要买什么，走进商场购买，然后大量购买，经常很少考虑这些最新的款式是否适合他们”。这里的with little regard for的意思是“很少考虑”。<br /> 32.IN<br /> 固定搭配in mint condition的意思是“崭新的，完好无损的”。<br /> 33.ONE/SOMETHING<br /> 这里所填的词指代前面购买的某件东西，并非特指，用one/something。<br /> 34.THE<br /> in the knowledge that表示“在知道…的情况下”。<br /> 35.FEW<br /> a few years意为“几年”。<br /> 36.NOT<br /> 本空格所在的句子是although引导的状语从句，表示转折。这个句子的前半句的意思是“对时尚的投资回报并不总是巨大的”，后半句的意思应该与之形成对比，即但是百分之四百的回报确实常见的。根据文意，应是双重否定，uncommon已有否定前缀，故填not。<br /> 37.FOR<br /> “______those who are experts”是这句话的插入语做句子的状语，故填for，意思是“对那些是专家的人来说”。<br /> 38.WHAT<br /> 根据句子结构可知，这里所填的词与后面的句子构成宾语从句作谓语动词know的宾语，同时又要充当宾语从句的主语，只有what具有此功能，故填what。<br /> 39.GO<br /> go on意为“接着，继续”。<br /> 40.OUT<br /> 固定搭配lay out意为“设计，安排，陈列”。
● In most of the lines (41-52) there is one exdiva word.It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text.Some lines, however, are correct.
● If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.
● If there is an exdiva word in the line, write the exdiva word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
● The exercise begins with two examples, (0) and (00).
0.Regus offers for immediately available, fully-furnished, serviced offices in a
00.growing number of locations worldwide.We bring together people, property
41.and technology to provide a platform for doing the business on flexible terms
42.wherever, and whenever, you do require.You can hire an office for a day, a
43.week, a month, a year or however long you need them to.You can do it as
44.easily as you would book a hotel or rent a car, and, with our management
45.skills, you can be assured of such consistent quality.Increased demand
46.is continually driving us to open new cendives.Our aim is to provide you a
47.world-class business service which is a driving force in changing the way
48.people work.Regus cendives can be found out in prominent, convenient
49.locations throughout the world.In each cendive contains a range of facilities,
50.including serviced offices, meeting rooms, reception areas, altogether with
51.coffee/tea points and cybercafes.Everything is there of the highest standard.
52.In addition to being fully furnished and equipped up, each cendive is staffed with a professional service team ready to assist you.
参考答案41.THE<br /> 固定短语do business表示“做生意，经商”，故介词the多余。<br /> 42.DO<br /> 这句话的意思是我们把人才，资产和技术集合起来为经商提供需要的更加灵活的条件，这里没有强调的意思，故删去do。<br /> 43.THEM<br /> 根据句子的结构可知，这里的however long 作need的宾语，故删去them。<br /> 44.CORRECT<br /> 45.SUCH<br /> 这句话的意思是“我们的管理技术能保证你获得始终如一的质量”，此处没有特指，删去赘词such。<br /> 46.YOU<br /> 这句话的意思是“我们的目标是提供世界级的商业服务”，不需宾语you，故删去。而且provide的用法是provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.。<br /> 47.CORRECT<br /> 48.OUT<br /> find out表示“找出”的意思。这里不合文意，删去out。<br /> 49.IN<br /> 这句话应该是“each centre contains a range of facilities,…”，each centre是句子的主语。如果有in便会发现句子没有主语，故in多余。<br /> 50.ALTOGETHER<br /> 没有altogether with这种用法，正确的用法是together with或with，因此应该删去altogether。<br /> 51.THERE<br /> 这里考查的用法是be of+ n= adj的用法。be of the highest standard意为“最高质量”。<br /> 52.UP<br /> 这句话前半句话的意思是“除了进行充分的装潢和装备……”，equip动词意为“装备”，此处不用up。
二、WRITING
-
● The chart below shows the disdivibution of positive and negative responses given in a market survey about service provision at a leisure cendive.
● Using the information from the chart, write a short report about the results of the market survey, describing customer reactions to the services provided.
● Write 120-140 words.
RESULTS OF SURVEY OF 1250 CUSTOMERS
参考答案【参考范文】<br /> From the above bar chart, we can see the distribution of positive and negative responses given by customers in a market survey about services at a leisure centre.When asked about the parking facilities at the leisure centre, 700 customers had positive responses, while 550 responded something negative about it.When it comes to ticket costs, the number of negative responses was almost three times as many as that of positive responses which only 350.Looking at the booking service they were equally evaluated, for in the survey this service counted 650 positive and 600 negative responses.The attitude of staff contrasted sharply with the ticket costs, because the former was evaluated very positively.Only a quarter of the 1,250 questioned customers complained about the attitude of staff, while 950 people thought positively about the staff at the leisure centre.Based on the results of this survey we can conclude that it is necessary to make improvement in the fields of ticket costs, booking service and parking.
1.Question 2 ● Your company recently sponsored a national event for the first time and your manager has asked you to write a report on this.
● Write your report for your manager, including the following information:
● a brief description of the event
● which aspects of the event were particularly successful and why
● the benefits to the company of sponsoring the event
● what needs to be done before considering further sponsorship.
参考答案【参考范文】<br /> This report aims at outlining the event our company decided to sponsor and presenting the advantages and disadvantages.<br /> Introduction to the event<br /> ‘Computer Design 2012’ was the sixth edition of an annual event held in England.Its objective is to show and promote the creations and innovations in the IT field.<br /> Its success<br /> Although it is designed to inform professionals, the event also aroused the interest of the public.During the three days, the guests took part very actively in the meetings, therefore representing a huge and shared interest, and the public was extremely enchanted by the shows and demonstrations.<br /> Unfortunately, there were relatively restrictive opening hours and thus it was really hard for the visitors to see everything.<br /> As a widely recognised training services provider, in return of our sponsorship we were offered a place to promote our training programmes and books, adding to advertising areas.<br /> Therefore, we have been able to reach not only many potential customers but also other companies interested in consolidating and enhancing their staff’s skills and knowledge.<br /> In conclusion and for the future<br /> Our company was really high-profile and well-received and covered many new potential clients.It goes without saying that our future sales will benefit from plenty of the contacts our staff made, and undoubtedly the investment is therefore well yield rich profits and this return will worth our sponsorship.<br /> We should more often take this type of action into consideration.But, because our staff is not accustomed to this type of publicity, we should think about a special training in order to provide the company with some experience before doing this type of action again.
● Write a letter to the Managing Director of the new owners:
● outlining what the situation in your department was before the takeover
● explaining what problems have arisen and why
● suggesting how these problems could be resolved
● warning what might happen if these problems are not resolved.
参考答案【参考范文】<br /> Re: Human Resources Department—restructuring<br />Dear Mr.Blackwell,<br /> With reference to our phone conversation of yesterday, I am writing to detail and explain problems concerning the recent restructuring of the HR department.In the first place, I would like to give an overview of what the situation in the department was before the takeover and since then what has altered.Previously under the command of a local HR manager, our team was dealing with day-to-day issues and was really open to listen and ready to support staff.Since the takeover, we are now led by a supervisor who is based in the USA.<br /> Consequently, there is some difficulties in touching base with him on a daily basis and because he’s overloaded with his own team in New York, it seems that he might be unable to involve himself in the current issues which arises within our team.<br /> I completely understand that the restructuring has led to the increase of the workload in HR, but as we are experiencing severe changes, the staff members are in need of support and guidance from a senior manager who could provide a legal advice for them.<br /> As a result, I recommend that we should organise weekly team meetings with the new HR manager and arrange one-on-ones with each HR member.Only in this way, can they understand what the staff is really expecting from them and in which direction this company is developing.<br /> I think that the above should be paid more emphasis because people nowadays are easy to feel lost and insecured and, consequently, show a negative attitude.<br /> I look forward to hearing from you.<br />Best regards,<br />Eric Marzi
● Write your proposal for the Sales Manager:
● giving reasons for the decline in the company’s export sales
● suggesting ways of improving export sales
● outlining the additional resources that would be required.
参考答案【参考范文】<br /> Objective: Export sales decline analysis<br /> Introduction:<br /> This report aims at bringing managerial attention to the reasons for the severe sales decline over the last 3 quarters.<br /> Findings:<br /> All of us have realized that it is the two main reasons that lead to this sharp collapse: the first, the devaluation of US dollar; the second, the inefficient sales representatives and particularly an incompetent export manager who does not have the ability to motivate the staff.<br /> While the first issue can be tackled by analyzing the prices of our products more accurately, a swift decision to restructure the organization will be required to address the second issue.<br /> Recommendation and Conclusion:<br /> To tackle the first issue it is mandatory that the CEO should be entitled to adjust our prices to the new exchange rate on a regular basis.On the contrary, as to organisation, it is necessary to appoint a new export manager with more initiative and the competence to motivate the entire staff.Undoubtedly all this will result in an additional investment and some months of negative sales.Particularly hiring a new export manager will require an accurate selection process as well as an integration plan.Meanwhile it will take a couple of months before there are tangible results.However I’m confident that the change will be immensely conducive to energize the sales force.
三、LISTENING
-
PART ONEQuestions 1-12
● As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes, using up to three words or a number.
● After you have listened once, replay the recording.
Notes on selection procedure
Panel of judges:
● Head of panel, Jacqueline Allen, teaches (1)______ at Barrington Business School
Selection process: first stage
● a questionnaire that was (2)______ long Measurable performance criteria included:
● length of (3)______ which affect productivity
● success in achieving reliable (4)______ times
Less tangible performance criteria included:
● importance of (5)______
● how well companies deal with (6)______
Selection process: second stage
● judges compiled a (7)______ of factories to visit
Standard characteristics of winning factories included:
● effective procedures in the area of (8)______.
● determination to be the best
● innovations that help to achieve the factory’s (9)______
New characteristics of winning factories:
● excellence at (10)______ management
● provision of (11)______ to assist personnel and visitors in finding their way
● divacking flow of production, e.g.by using (12)______.
参考答案1.MANUFACTURING SCIENCE(S)<br /> 这里需要注意人名Jacqueline Allen。由“I’m delighted to introduce to you the school’s professor of manufacturing science, Jacqueline Allen,…”可知，Jacqueline Allen是制造科学的教授，故填manufacturing science。<br /> 2.14 PAGES<br /> 问题2-6都是关于选拔过程的第一个阶段。这里需要锁定关键词questionnaire。录音中提到“This consisted of fourteen pages”，其中的this指代的就是前面的问卷，由此可知这个调查问卷有14页长。<br /> 3.HANDOVER/HAND OVER/HAND-OVER(TIMES)<br /> 录音中提到“Some of these were immediately measurable, like handover times, which of course can have a big impact on productivity…”，关系代词which指代先行词handover times（工作移交时间），这里的have a big impact on与题干中的affect对应。<br /> 4.DELIVERY<br /> 由“Another was delivery reliability, a high score in which is essential for any customer-led organisation.”可知另外一个可直接衡量的表现标准是交货的可靠性，也即是可靠地交货时间。<br /> 5.(HIGH) STAFF MORALE<br /> 问题5-6是关于无法直接衡量的表现标准。录音中提到“We took staff morale very seriously”，其中took seriously与importance意思一致，由此可知员工士气很重要。<br /> 6.CHANGE<br /> 在录音中我们听到“And if a business can’t easily handle change, it may well create more problems than it solves, and its future is unlikely to be secure.”，这里的and表明是另外一个表现标准，即是如何很好的处理变化。<br /> 7.SHORTLIST<br /> 问题7-12是关于选拔过程的第二个阶段，录音中的The next step与此对应，故关键句是“The next step was for the panel of judges to assess the results and devise a shortlist.”，这里的devise与题干的compiled对应，表示“编写出”，故填shortlist（候选人名单）。<br /> 8.PEOPLE(-)MANAGEMENT (PRACTICES)<br /> 接下的内容就是获选工厂的标准特点。这里的关键词是characteristics。由“Impressive people-management practices, for a start.”可知，第一个标准就是人力管理方法。<br /> 9.MISSION<br /> 录音中提到“…that clever initiatives don’t count if they don’t further a factory’s mission.”，句子中出现的双重否定表示肯定，意思是“能够促进公司任务的完成的聪明的方案才算数”。<br /> 10.SUPPLY(-)CHAIN<br /> 10-12是关于获选工厂的新的特点。录音中出现的new trends与此对应，关键句是 “new trends emerged: an outstanding level of competence in supply-chain management,”，即是在供应链的管理方面很出色。<br /> 11.SIGNS<br /> 录音中的 “successful ones use signs to help staff and visitors find the best route to their destination.”与题干对应，即是“成功的公司使用标志帮助员工和参观者找到去目的地的最佳道路”。<br /> 12.ELECTRONIC TAGGING<br /> 本题的意思是“通过使用……来记录产品流通环节”。录音中讲到为了解决产品流通问题作了一些改善，“of which electronic tagging is one of the most exciting.”，故填electronic tagging（电子标志追踪）。<br /> 【听力原文】<br /> M: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Factories of the Year award.My name is Jonathan Hargreaves, and I’m Chief Executive of the Institute of Production Research, which organised these awards, in association with Barrington Business School.I’m delighted to introduce to you the school’s professor of manufacturing science, Jacqueline Allen, who again chaired the panel of judges.Jacqueline.<br /> W: Thank you, Jonathan, and good morning, everyone.This year’s search for the Factories of the Year has produced a bumper crop of outstanding winners, which is very welcome proof that the old economy isn’t dead, but is emerging revital Sed from its recent problems.<br /> As ever, we initiated our search for the best by sending each participating factory a questionnaire.This consisted of fourteen pages and probably more questions than the recipients would have liked.From their answers, each factory was assessed on a basket of performance criteria.Some of these were immediately measurable, like handover times, which of course can have a big impact on productivity and which are showing a healthy tendency towards being shortened.Another was delivery reliability, a high score in which is essential for any customer-led organisation.<br /> Other criteria which we considered were less tangible, but no less important for that.We took staff morale very seriously, because if it’s poor it can have measurable results such as high staff turnover and a high accident rate.And if a business can’t easily handle change, it may well create more problems than it solves, and its future is unlikely to be secure.<br /> The next step was for the panel of judges to assess the results and devise a shortlist.We then visited these factories.I must say, I found it fascinating to see so many factories in action.As a result of these visits, we came up with the three winners in each category.<br /> The factories that emerged from this process shared some familiar characteristics.Impressive people-management practices, for a start.A determination among the factory’s management team not to be second best, for another.And acting on the realisation that clever initiatives don’t count if they don’t further a factory’s mission.No successful factory can, for a moment, forget its customers, whether they’re internal to the company or external.<br /> As ever, new trends emerged: an outstanding level of competence in supply-chain management, as well as in manufacturing, is increasingly important.The links between a factory, its suppliers and its customers can make or break an operation.<br /> This year’s winners also demonstrate the importance of optimising the movement of goods and people around the factory.Confused, muddled-looking factories under perform, while successful ones use signs to help staff and visitors find the best route to their destination.And allowing goods or materials to get lost in some dusty corner of the warehouse is unacceptable: the problem of tracking components as they move through production has led to a number of developments, of which electronic tagging is one of the most exciting.<br /> Now I’d like to turn to the individual categories…
PART TWOQuestions 13-22
● For each exdivact there are two tasks.For Task One, choose the person’s intention in visiting the fair from the list A-H.For Task Two, choose the experience at the fair that each person mentions from the list A-H.
● After you have listened once, replay the recording.
Task One Intention in visiting the fair
● For questions 13-17, match the exdivacts with the intentions, listed A-H.
● For each exdivact, choose the person’s intention in visiting the fair.
● Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the exdivact.
Task Two Experience at the fair● For questions 18-22, match the exdivacts with the experiences, listed A-H.
● For each exdivact, choose the experience at the fair that each person mentions.
● Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the exdivact.
参考答案Task One<br /> 13.D 录音中第一个讲话者对参观交易会的目的进行了举例，“I wanted to see how our goods match up against our main rivals, by looking at theirs as if I were an ordinary customer”，也即是去看竞争对手的产品进行市场调研，D项符合题意。<br /> 14.B 第二个讲话者说到交易会对他的商业生涯很重要，因为“It’s certainly a great audience for the sort of talk I was there to do”，即是那有很多的观众可以进行演讲，所以B项符合题意。<br /> 15.G 录音中说话者讲到了自己的目的是“made up for my disappointment about not securing a new representative”，也即是招聘一个新的代表，G项符合题意。<br /> 16.H 在录音的结尾，讲话者提到了my plan即是他参加交易会的目的，“that’s why my plan for the fair was to identify new manufacturers of processors,”，由此可知他的目的是寻找一个新的处理器的制造商。H项“寻找另外一个供应商”符合题意。<br /> 17.E 讲话者说到“That’s what I was looking for”，that所指代的内容就是说话者的目的，即“to keep finding different marketing angles”。E项“得到新的营销理念”与此意思一致。<br /> Task Two<br /> 18.B 录音的最后讲话者说到一些小册子(the brochures)和宣传单(other literature)相当的引人注目，而且质量很高。小册子和宣传单都属于宣传资料(publicity material)，所以选B。<br /> 19.E 在录音的结尾，说话者说在交易会上做一些交流后意识到那些没有考虑到的地方也可以作为我们调查的市场。同时“The currency situation means our prices could be very attractive outside our domestic markets and get us good sales”，也即是现在的货币情况意味着我们的价格对于国外市场也有很大的吸引力。E项“注意到很多的出口机会”符合题意。<br /> 20.H 录音中提到“it gave me an idea for a couple of features we could incorporate into our main model, which would make it more attractive,”，意思是“我想到了把两个特色加入到我们的产品中，这样会使他们更有吸引力”。H项“想到了提高重要产品的方法”与此相符。<br /> 21.A 在录音的开始部分说话者提到从交易会回来之后他意识到他们可以在包装上节约成本，具体的做法是“we don’t need to package up units individually”。A项“想出了削减成本的方法”与此相符。<br /> 22.C 录音的结尾提到了讲话者在交易会上的经历，他发现了一种通过他们的数据库就可以得到信息的方法，即是“There’s software available now”。C项“发现应用科技的方法”与此意思相符。<br /> 【听力原文】<br /> Speaker One<br /> W: Well, there seem to be more and more fairs, don’t there? And all apparently quite unmissable, which is fine, except I do actually have an office, and do need to get things done.So I try to be a bit selective.I try to make sure I’ve got my own agenda clear about what I want from a fair.With this one, for example, I wanted to see how our goods match up against our main rivals, by looking at theirs as if I were an ordinary customer.., noting the specifications and so on… basic market research, really.And it was interesting, gave me some ideas to take back to the office.Some of the brochures and other literature that I picked up at this one were quite striking, very high quality, and that alone made it worthwhile.<br /> [pause]<br /> Speaker Two<br /> M: For me, fairs are a vital part of business life.., where else do you get manufacturers, suppliers, agents, everyone all milling around together? It’s certainly a great audience for the sort of talk I was there to do, and it meant I was able to communicate our values and commitment to service.Those are things our suppliers need to understand, so that we can get a full circle of quality from components to delivery and after-sales.And of course, I also had plenty of time to look around, do some networking.I realised there are places we haven’t considered as markets that we should be looking into.The currency situation means our prices could be very attractive outside our domestic markets and get us good sales.So, all very worthwhile…<br /> [pause]<br /> Speaker Three<br /> W: These fairs are getting so big.., it’s frustrating because you waste a lot of time just navigating your way around.I actually wonder how useful they really are in terms of achieving sales.Still, I have to say, that it gave me an idea for a couple of features we could incorporate into our main model, which would make it more attractive, I think.So that was a bonus, and to some extent made up for my disappointment about not securing a new representative, which had been my aim.I did talk to a couple of promising people who cover the Pacific Rim, but there were a lot of complications, different expectations… I realise it’s going to take a while before we can reach a concrete agreement and build a solid marketing strategy there.<br /> Speaker Four<br /> M: To be honest, I relish opportunities to get out of the office from time to time.., it refreshes the mind, and you can get insights into what you’re really doing.I’m pleased this time, because I’ve come back with the realisation that we can save quite a bit on packaging — our new range of products are selling well, and in fact we’re getting bigger orders than we forecast, and the agents are very optimistic, which all means we don’t need to package up units individually, and that’ll be quite a saving.It’s important, because it’s getting increasingly competitive all the time, with new products coming out almost every month.The other thing I’ve been trying for is better components, and that’s why my plan for the fair was to identify new manufacturers of processors, because I’m not happy with our present source.<br /> [pause]<br /> Speaker Five<br /> W: It’s amazing the way the industry is developing… I was walking around remembering such fairs just, say, five years ago, and thinking of how many of the products simply didn’t exist then.One of the effects of all this constant innovation is that to stay competitive you have to keep finding different marketing angles.That’s what I was looking for, some kind of fresh approach to expanding our customer base.In the office, I tend to become absorbed in staffing issues, so I need to get out among customers and competitors.Anyway, while I was there I spotted a way of getting value out of our database.There’s software available now which would enable us to analyse customer preferences and provide ‘pinpoint offers’ for them.
PART THREEQuestions 23-30
● You will hear an interview with Steve Marriott, an internal business consultant with Carserve, a vehicle breakdown service.
● For each question (23-30), mark one letter (A, B or C) for the correct answer.
● After you have listened once, replay the recording.
参考答案C
参考答案A
参考答案B
参考答案B
参考答案A
参考答案C
参考答案A
参考答案C
【听力原文】
W: These days, more and more people are employed by a company, but work from home.They’re sometimes called ‘remote workers’.Carserve is a vehicle breakdown company whose phone operators are all based at home.Steve Marriott, an internal business consultant with Carserve, is in the studio today.Steve, do people really enjoy working from home?
M: If you measure enjoyment by staff retention and improved productivity, the answer is definitely yes.But this doesn’t happen by itself.In Carserve, we like the fact that our staff keep in touch with each other, through personal phone calls and emails.We also use email for company communications, instead of using office noticeboards, though of course we can’t guarantee that everyone reads them all.But the absence of a sharp division between work and home sometimes creates a definite sense of insecurity, which we can’t always remove.
W: Wasn’t there a risk in introducing remote working?
M: Before it was started, the greatest fear was that, with the change in the support provided, people would be less productive.As it’s turned out, staff have to be actively encouraged to take short breaks.You see, they tend to feel they have to answer the phone at the first ring, in case their manager thinks they’re sitting around watching TV, even though they know we don’t do that kind of checking up.
W: When you joined Carserve you weren’t happy with the ways things were being run, were you? What was the problem?
M: The management focused on what could be put down on paper, like an organogram showing repotting lines.But they tended to avoid the less concrete issues, like how to ensure the workers knew what they were expected to achieve.So despite detailed planning and plenty of memos, in reality people were working in a bit of a vacuum.
W: How did you turn that around?
M: Communication is important, but regular meetings are no substitute for a change of attitude.Managers have to start from the assumption that the remote workers are doing their job properly, even though they aren’t being supervised.So that’s what I focused on.
W: You do teamwork, don’t you, even though the teams aren’t physically working in the same place.How does that work?
M: Surprisingly, perhaps, it makes them more effective.Because they know they’re only coming into the office for a team meeting, they plan that meeting much more carefully than perhaps they would do otherwise.And between meetings they communicate by email or phone, and that tends to take the pressure off reaching a decision before thinking it right through.
W: Earlier, you mentioned the use of electronic communication internally, like the phone, and computers for emails.Have these replaced face-to-face contact?
M: Not entirely.In fact, managers often work from home too, and staff are sometimes afraid, wrongly in fact, that a phone call will disturb them, or that an email won’t be read on time.So, we make sure staff can regularly talk to their managers face-to-face.
W: Doesn’t remote working make it difficult for managers to carry out their work?
M: It certainly changes its nature.As part of our performance management process, managers visit staff at home twice a month.When everyone works in one office, you get on with some, and have less rapport with others, and usually that doesn’t matter.But when you travel around visiting staff in their own homes, you have to develop relationships with them that are based on their needs, which may mean helping them with aspects of their non-working lives that are affecting their work.
W: So, have you organised training for managers, to deal with this new way of working?
M: Yes, a great deal of thought goes into finding out what would most benefit staff.Many people would focus on how to use the technology, but in our experience that isn’t a priority.We’ve already run workshops on managing remote teams, but many managers find it hard to let go of their traditional control, and feel that remote working is a recipe for chaos.We’re trying to tackle this.
W: Steve Marriott, thank you very much.
M: Thank you.
四、SPEAKING
-
（略）
PART TWO In this part of the test, you are asked to give a short talk on a business topic.
You have to choose one of the topics from the three below and then talk for about one minute.You have one minute to prepare your ideas.
A Quality condivol: the importance to a company of monitoring the quality of its goods and services
B Information management: how to ensure that information is managed effectively within a company
C Financial planning: the factors involved in deciding on appropriate pricing sdivategies
参考答案If you choose topic A:（three possible answers）<br /> a.We all know the phrase that “The purpose of the economy is to satisfy the wants of people.” Consumers want the best values for their money while producers look for the best price and profit for what they have to sell.In order to make a profit, you need to offer good quality of your goods and services.While the high margins may be in the executive suite, the race for market share is in the hands of the consumer.If your products have defect, the consumers will not trust your products any more.Without their trust, you’ll lose your market, and finally you’ll lose profits.Therefore, it is urgent for the companies to strengthen quality control.Before they leave the factory, all the products need to be tested for defects.<br /> b.At present, the emphasis is put on keeping the consumer always from acts of folly.It is reasonable that consumers won’t buy your products if they don’t like them.Quality will be seen as a challenge to the business life for good managers.That’s what a lot of the high-end vendors are practically trying to target at the moment.In order to earn the consumers’ trust, principally you should be truly objective and place the client above all.What you need do is to act in the clients’ best interest and bring them the best products and services.Therefore, companies should carefully monitor production.<br /> c.As is said “Nothing happens until someone sells something.” to do your business well, you should provide consumers with high quality goods in the first place.To make high quality products, you should execute quality control.Quality control is the practice of checking goods as they are produced to make sure that they are of good quality.Monitoring quality of goods is very significant.If making a profit is your goal, never try to fob off the faulty goods on clients.You can’t fool them even if you want to.By doing it, you will be dropping a stone on your own foot instead of making a profit.Therefore, the company should be very tough on the product quality.<br /> If you choose topic B:（three possible answers）<br /> a.In order to improve information management, information should be classified first.Information should clarify sufficient alternatives to allow the choice of those courses that will guide the organization on a true course toward its aims.Quality performance in providing information relies on an effective balance of cost-benefit trade-offs identical to those met with in dealing with any other resources of the organization.You can not leave the choices involved in structuring a management information system to the “expert” alone.The manager and the technician need to share the challenge at the same time.<br /> b.To make sure that information is managed effectively within a company, you have to learn how to find information for management of change.For a sales manager, in order to manage change effectively, he must first decide on the types of information needed.Then the sources of this information need to be developed.Furthermore, great attention should be paid to the following: First of all, technological equipment needs to be upgraded regularly.It is impossible for us to use advanced software without advanced hardware.Secondly, we need to introduce advanced software.If we do not use advanced software, we can’t improve work efficiency.Thirdly, flexible working hours need to be adopted.With flexible working hours, the employees will be freer and have more choices of using the Internet.Of course, we should diminish the company’s operating costs.<br /> c.If we want to manage information effectively within a company, we need to be focused on the things below: Firstly, alternative work styles should be offered to employees.Without a good alternative work styles, we cannot manage information effectively.Secondly, the company’s technology needs to be developed.Unless we develop company’s technology, we will fall behind the others.Thirdly, the company structure needs to be changed, for the existing structure can not adapt to changing conditions.We must have the company departmentalized so that employees will work in task-based teams.We can divide the corporation into separate companies.Then the staff will get far more goal-oriented.Finally, important changes need to be made about company culture.By doing it, the employees will request more varied work, and we will have more cooperative working atmosphere.<br /> If you choose topic C:<br /> In any single market there are three basic factors determining the boundaries of the pricing decision.Product cost bounds the price floor, or minimum price, while the price ceiling, or maximum price, is bounded by competitive prices for comparable products and ability of customers to pay.There is an optimum price between the floor and ceiling for every product, which is a function of the demand for the product and the cost of supplying the product.For the international executive,, a pricing system and pricing policies must be developed so as to address these fundamental factors in each of the national markets where his company operates.<br /> In addition, the system must also comply with a number of unique international constraints.Besides the diversity of national markets in all three basic dimensions-cost, competition, and demand—the international executive will also encounter conflicting governmental tax policies and claims as well as government controls, for instance dumping legislation, resale price maintenance legislation, price ceilings and general review of price levels.There are other factors affecting the international pricing decisions, which often include surprisingly high international transportation costs, middlemen in elongated international channels of distribution as well as multinational accounts who demand equal price treatment regardless of location.<br /> The direction of international marketing is to seek competitive prices in world markets.While the controller and financial vice-president are concerned about profits, the manufacturing vice-president looks for long runs for maximum manufacturing efficiency.While for the tax manager, his concern is to comply with government transfer pricing legislation, company counsel is worried about the antitrust implications of international pricing practices.Considering such a large number of divergent and often conflicting interests combined with the limitations of our existing measures of demand, it is premature to expect that we should be capable of determining “optimal” prices in international marketing.A more practical objective for the international executive is to make international pricing strategy and policy that will contribute instead of detracting from company sales and profit objectives worldwide.
For two candidates
Team Building
The company you work for is about to take over another company and is keen to encourage staff from both companies to work together effectively.You have been asked to prepare a proposal for team building.
Discuss and decide together:
● what kinds of work projects and leisure activities would be suidiv to encourage teamwork
● what benefits effective teamwork could bring to the company.
For three candidates
Team Building
The company you work for is about to take over another company and is keen to encourage staff from both companies to work together effectively.You have been asked to prepare a proposal for team building.
Discuss and decide together:
● what arrangements should be made before new colleagues start working together
● what kinds of work projects and leisure activities would be suidiv to encourage teamwork
● what benefits effective teamwork could bring to the company.
● What benefits do you think individual employees get from working in a sdivong team? (Why? / Why not?)
● What do you think is the ideal number of people to work in a team? (Why?)
● Do you think a company needs individualists as well as team workers? (Why? / Why not?)
● Do you think it is the responsibility of the company or each employee to make sure people work well together? (Why? / Why not?)
● How far should team building be taken into account when making long-term plans for a company? (Why? / Why not?)
参考答案For two candidates<br /> A: We’ve been asked to prepare a proposal for team building.First of all, we must let everybody understand the team as people.What do you have in mind?<br /> B: I agreed.It’s advisable to spend extra time getting to know our colleagues and what they do outside work in advance.Then we can share other reference points, which will create the potential for better communication.<br /> A: Yes, mutual understanding is very important.Mutual respect means cooperation.We might suggest that the company build up tutorial system.<br /> B: Good idea.Under this system, the old and young employees will be able to conduct face-to-face communication.The young people need to be tutored in terms of handling crisis.And the tutorial system is also meant to have the young show the older how to use software program.<br /> A: Some programs may be arranged to help people realize that there is a range of effective management styles.The programs are effective in getting people passionate about their jobs.<br /> B: Sounds good.And we need to make sure what happens on the program will happen back on the workplace.The results will very positive.Mutual respect, trust, understanding will result in mutual support and mutual help.It will reduce stress.An effective teamwork helps a lot in improving staff relations and customers’ relations as well.<br /> A: All in all, an effective teamwork is bound to improve efficiency and productivity for a company.The staff members are encouraged to take on team-building courses.The participants will cooperate with each other and come up with creative ideas.Sharing views is an excellent way to relieve stress and improve efficiency.It will enhance employees’ loyalty to the company eventually.<br /> B: I think the Company should invite expert consultants to demonstrate how high performance teams really can work.<br /> A: Your suggestion is acceptable to the company.We should focus ourselves on issues like to the way to form an effective team, team dynamics and communication within teams.As an alternative, the company can also sponsor team-building seminars.Let’s make a list of specialized seminars.I think the list should include the following: Self-managing teams; Multi-cultural teams; Team leadership and Fast-forming teams.<br /> B: And the topic “building world class teams” should also be included in the list.It is aiso a good idea for the company to arrange unique two-day in-company seminars, use board games and simulations so as to focus on issues such as sales, customer service and team building.The participants are allowed to experience situations without the need to fear about failure.<br /> A: Sounds interesting.If we get an efficient scheme that runs well, then the real advantage is that people will feel more involved, so you get more energy around the place.<br /> B: I see what you mean.It is wise to organize leisure activities in order to encourage staff to work together.<br /> A: The Company can offer a variety of leisure activities, such as a swimming pool and sauna.<br /> B: And we can also arrange playing basketball, volleyball games and table tennis as well.<br /> A: Staff can have games which can be played indoors and outdoors, and enjoy the time when not working or studying.<br /> B: Staff can do things they enjoy and relax.Many people enjoy shorter working hours and more leisure time.We can also arrange a family-like outgoing to the beach or mountain.What about once a month or twice a year?<br /> A: Well, it depends.Shall we sum up what we’ve discussed？
Interlocutor:
Q1: What benefits do you think individual employees get from working in a sdivong team? (Why?/Why not?)
参考答案A: Well, I think individual employees can get great benefits from working in a strong team.It goes without saying that individual employees will be more productive when working in a strong team.For instance, when an employee works in so strong a team, he is very likely to be in a cheerful frame of mind.<br /> B: A strong team consists of high caliber people.They have a wide range of skills.They trust, understand and learn from each other.Working in such a strong team, you are bound to be in good mood.Good relations among colleagues help reduce stress, which will end up improving efficiency.
参考答案A: It’s hard to say and it depends on the size of the company.It is probable that a group of four to nine people might be an ideal number for a team.<br /> B: You must identify who is in your team, and then you can understand the different personality types that it includes.Knowing how they will react in difficult situations will help you to act the role of the diplomat.
参考答案A: Coordination is an indispensable aspect of good organization.The reason why it is required is that all members of an organization perform interrelated functions.Therefore, what everyone does will affect the others in one way or another.However, a company needs individualists as well as team workers.<br /> B: If managers just keep doing things in team style, their organizations will become static.In fact, if the field in which they operate is competitive, very quickly they will lose their place and not even hold their own.Good managers regard their business as a challenge to their creativity.Individualists are needed in order to spark fresh ideas.They need to encourage individualists to develop new ideas, combine different ideas into a good planning, adapt ideas from individualists, and motivate individualists to think creatively.
参考答案A: At first there might be a lacking in trust between the managers and their subordinates.I think the company should be responsible for building up a good team.The company also has the obligation to let everybody have ease of mind.Each employee should also make sure people work well together.The team members should work towards a common goal.<br /> B: The managers should discuss and allocate roles to team members，while the team members should co-operate fully with each other.Everyone should make his share of contribution to the team.Information needs to be shared effectively within the team.It is necessary for the manager and employees to listen to different points of view and talk openly and honestly within the team.Whenever somebody is under pressure, others will be there to offer help.
参考答案A: When making long-term plans, the company should take team building into account.The company should budget the cost for in-service training, indoors or outdoor events.The indoor and outdoor events should contribute to building leading business teams by increasing personal awareness of abilities and complementary skills in colleagues.The events will entail a combination of intellectual, physical and practical challenges-meeting and dealing with the unexpected.The tasks require that individuals and teams need to: Identify clear and achievable objectives; Make full use of resources; Work together and communicate openly; Learn to overcome storms and crises.<br /> B: Well, for one thing, companies should put great stress on offering their staff regular, high quality training.Since it costs a lot of time and money to build up a good team, obviously it makes sense to retain qualified employees.Providing flexible working patterns to staff can help a company with that.We regard team building as primarily a tool to attract potential staff to the companies, especially high calibre graduates.